Investigation of Ancient Chinese Mural Paintings and Clay Figures

本次研究的目的是与中国和日本合作，从艺术史、材料科学、制作技术、年代以及保护修复技术的发展等方面对古代泥人和壁画进行调查。研究结果概要如下。利用便携式分析仪器、其他分析仪器和环境测量仪器对泥人和壁画在中国和日本进行了调查。以Kumutula洞穴为例，进行了色素分析、岩壁表面温度分布、温度、湿度和紫外线测量。通过对颜料的鉴定，获得了洞穴本身和壁画修复的重要信息。在对内蒙古喇嘛教寺庙——大召寺和梅代照寺的考察中，我们获得了壁画制作工艺方面的一些有用信息，明确了壁画的变质条件和保存环境。特别是获得了混合颜料的证据。在梅代昭寺，我们最近发现了师父用中国墨水写的指示徒弟的标志。此外，通过x射线CT和x射线CR方法可以获得壁画层结构的澄清结果。以日本墓室壁画为例，鹿山墓，在415纳米的可见光下可以清晰地观察到主题，并被与赤铁矿一样的细颗粒一起存在的土壤所吸引。通过在奈良和呼和浩特举行的泥人与壁画调查联合座谈会，我们就泥人与壁画的分析、调查和修复问题进行了交流，并讨论了解决方案。

This research has aimed to do an investigation of the ancient clay figure and the mural painting, in connection with art history, materials science, the manufacture technique, the dating, and the development of the conservation and restoration technology in collaboration with China and Japan. The outline of the research result is described as follows.The investigation with portable analysis devices, other analysis machines, and the environmental measuring instrument that put the clay figure and the mural painting in China and Japan was executed. In the case of Kumutula cave, pigment analysis, temperature distribution of cliff surface, the survey of temperature, humidity and ultraviolet ray were investigated. We identified the pigments and obtained important information for the restoration of cave itself and the mural painting. In the investigation of Inner Mongolia Lamaism temples that are Dazhao and Meidaizhao lamasery, we were able to get some useful information on the manufacture technique of the mural painting, and we made clear the deterioration conditions and the storage environment. Especially, the evidence of mixed pigments was acquired. In Meidaizhao lamasery, newly we could discover the signs of the master that were written in chinese-ink as instructions for apprentice. Moreover, the result of the clarification of the layer structure of mural paintings by X-ray CT and X-ray CR method was able to be achieved. The example of Japanese tumulus mural painting, Kajiyama tomb, being able to observe the motif clearly by visible light of 415 nm, and being drawn by the soil that existed together with the fine grain that seems Hematite. Through the joint symposiums about the investigation of the clay figure and the mural painting that were held in Nara and Hohhot, we shared problems besides discussed its solutions concerning the analysis investigation and restoration of the clay figure and the mural painting.