Immuno- and molecular-epidemiology of echinococcosis and cysticercosis spreading in Asia

今年项目中最重要的发现是发现并描述了来自青藏高原的一种新物种--细粒棘球绦虫中国，其中另外两个众所周知的物种细粒棘球绦虫和多房棘球绦虫共同分布(肖N等人，2005,2006)。新物种的生活史在藏狐(Vulpers Ferrilata)和高原鼠兔(Ochotona Curzoniae)之间完成。它在整个发育阶段都有非常独特的形态。线粒体DNA序列和核DNA序列的分析表明，它是一个有效的分类单元，是三个物种中最原始的一个。目前还没有证据表明这种病毒对人类有致病性。使用线粒体DNA和微卫星DNA的分子研究已经开始，为未来分析人类肝脏病变建立标准工具，因为区分这三个物种的物种和基因类型是必不可少的。使用重组Em18和重组抗原B(Mamuti W et al.2006a，b)检测泡状棘球绦虫病(AE)和囊型包虫病(CE)的血清诊断研究已有很大进展。将这些工具应用于中国(Li T et al.2005)的流行病学调查，在印度尼西亚(Wandra T et al.2006a，b)、中国(Li T et al.未发表)和泰国(Thairungroj et al.未发表)进行了带绦虫病/囊虫病的流行病学调查，揭示了危险因素的新发现。为了出版正在进行的项目，由日本文部省主办的以亚洲和太平洋地区为重点的旭川县猪带绦虫病/囊虫病和包虫病国际研讨会做出了巨大贡献。会议记录共有52个综述章节，共312页，刚刚作为《国际寄生虫学》55,2006版的增刊出版。我们通过正在进行的项目进行的所有活动都已在本期发表。

The most important finding through this year project is the finding and description of a new species, Echinococcus shiquicus from the Tibetan plateau, China where two other well-known species, E.granulosus and E.multilocularis, are co-distributed (Xiao N et al.2005,2006). The life cycle of the new species is completed between the Tibetan fox (Vulpes ferrilata) and the plateau pika (Ochotona curzoniae). It has a very unique morphology through its developmental stages. The data of mitochondrial and nuclear DNA sequences provided E.shiquicus to be a valid taxon and to be the most primitive among the three species. There is no evidence of pathogenicity to humans yet. Molecular studies using mitochondrial DNA and microsatellite DNA have been started for the establishment of standard tools for future analysis of human hepatic lesions, since it is essential to differentiate the species and genotypes of these three species. Serodiagnostic studies have greatly been advanced for detection of alveolar echinococcosis (AE) and cystic echinococcosis (CE) using recombinant Em18 and recombinant Antigen B (Mamuti W et al.2006a,b). These tools were applied for epidemiological survey in China (Li T et al.2005).On taeniasis/cysticercosis, epidemiological surveys have been carried out in Indonesia (Wandra T et al.2006a,b), China (Li T et al.unpublished) and Thailand (Thairungroj et al.unpublished) and new findings of the risk factors are revealed. In order to publish the ongoing projects, the Asahikawa International Symposium on Taeniasis/cysticercosis and echinococcosis focused on Asia and the Pacific, sponsored by the Ministry of Education, Japan contributed great. The proceedings with 52 review chapters of a total of 312 pages have just been published as a supplement of Parasitology International 55,2006. All our activities through the ongoing projects have been published in this issue.