Japan's International Relations-From Comparative Perspective

研究表明：1.日本国际关系(IR)自19世纪中叶以来具有悠久的历史，并不落后于其他主要国家。2.所谓的国际关系国际知识分子共同体早在19世纪就已形成，首先在欧洲主要国家内蔓延至北美、日本等国。3.日本在参与国际知识分子共同体中受益。冷战结束后，俄罗斯、越南等前共产主义国家的国际关系加入了放弃社会主义国际关系的国际知识界。5.二战以来，国际知识界一直由美国主导，而欧洲的国际关系一直是…。与美国IR相比，历史和地区研究在当前的日本IR中占有重要地位(从这个意义上说，日本IR更接近欧洲IR)。这既有日本国际关系发展史的原因，也有日本国际关系教育课程体系的原因。日本国际关系自第二次世界大战结束以来一直由历史学家和地区专家创建，特别是在战前时代，国际律师在日本国际关系中发挥了重要作用。7.日本国际关系一直属于国际关系知识界的范畴，但日本有选择地从社会上采纳和修改国际关系，使其符合日本的现实。例如，强调军事能力的现实主义在日本得到了广泛讨论，但与二战后的日本现实不符。日本学者和学者对其进行了修改，使其符合日本的现实，所谓的吉田主义就是例证。8.日本国际关系的未来不是从基本原则上脱离国际关系知识界，而是在日本现实的基础上深化国际知识界的国际关系。较少

The research showed the following.1.The Japanese International Relations (IR) has a long history since the middle of the 19^<th> century and was not lagged from other major countries.2.What may be termed the international intellectual community of IR has been long established in the 19^<th> century firstly within the major European countries spreading to the North American, Japan and other countries.3.Japan has benefited in participating in that international intellectual community. There had been some aberrations from the international intellectual community during the inter-war period but Japan was back to the community after the war.4.After the end of the Cold War, the IR in the ex-communist countries such as Russia, Vietnam and so forth has joined the international intellectual community of IR abandoning the socialist international relations.5.The international intellectual community of IR has been dominated by the United States since World War II but the European IR has been getti … More ng stronger and Japan's IR is now partially influenced by European IR in addition to American IR.6.History and area studies have an important role in the current Japanese IR as compared to the American IR (in this sense, Japanese IR is closer to European IR). This has been caused by the developmental history of Japanese IR and by the curricular system of the Japanese IR education. The Japanese IR has been created by historians and regional specialists since the end of the Second World War, while particularly in the pre-war era, international lawyers had a significant role in the Japanese IR.7.The Japanese IR has been within the realm of the international intellectual community of IR but Japan selectively adopted and modified IR from the community so that it fits the realities of Japan. For example, realism with its emphasis on military capabilities has been widely discussed in Japan but does not fit the Japanese realities after the Second World War. Japanese scholars and pundits modified it so that it fits Japanese realities as exemplified by what is termed the Yoshida doctrine.8.The future of the Japanese IR will not be to get out of the international intellectual community of IR in terms of the basic principles but to deepen IR within the international intellectual community on the basis of Japanese realties. Less