The Phenomenological and Cognitive Linguistic Research into the Formation of Linguistic Categories

作为语言范畴形成的现象学、认知语言学研究的第一阶段，阐述了以罗纳德·W·兰加克、乔治·莱科夫和马克·约翰逊为代表的认知语言学的哲学意义。关于语言理论在认知语言学中的意义的哲学阐释载于《认知语言学研究报告》(第1-15页)。我们对现象学和认知语言学进行了方法论上的比较，特别是对语言关系和认知机制的基本态度。在这种比较中，研究的焦点集中在这样一个问题上：我们如何将认知视角引入语言研究？作为研究的第二阶段，考察了W…中最基本的两个哲学概念--物质和个体--的历史更多的哲学，同时在我们的日常知识生活中起着重要的认知作用。我们从概念历史的角度阐明了“OUSIA”、“Tode ti”(亚里士多德使用的)和“Essentia”(奥古斯丁使用的)等概念的历史形成。为了使研究结果更容易理解，我们用符号插图的方式对概念的形成进行了解释。在研究报告的第40-50页中，我们对胡塞尔在逻辑调查中关于指示语功能的理论进行了调查。它只被否定地讨论，即：根据胡塞尔的语言学理论，指示语被认为完全没有意义。但我们发现，他很有理由地认识到并分析了这些表达的“功能”。当然，这一功能可以被描述为一种“参照功能”。换句话说，自然神论的表达总是同时指向说话者的说话行为或作者的写作行为。即使在考察一个完整谓词句的意义功能时，也必须考虑指示语在这一意义上的语义功能。作为本研究的最后阶段，我们阐明了交际言语行为的合理之处。根据我们的研究，交际言语行为有其自身的合理性，这与另一种策略行为的合理性有很大的不同。后一种理性的前提是以利益为导向的计算。另一方面，交际性言语行为的前提是语言交际中所有参与者之间的相互承认。较少

As the first stage of the phenomenological, cognitive linguistic research into the formation of linguistic categories, the philosophical significance of the Cognitive Linguistics, whose representative linguists are Ronald W. Langacker, George Lakoff and Mark Johnson, is elucidated This philosophical elucidation concerning the significance of linguistic theory in Cognitive Linguistics is printed on the pages (p.1-15) of the Report of the Research. We made a methodological comparison between Phenomenology and Cognitive Linguistics especially concerning the fundamental attitude towards the relation of language and the mechanism of cognition. In this comparison the focus of investigation has been put upon the question; how can we introduce the cognitive perspective into the study of language? And as the second stage of the research the history of such fundamental philosophical concepts as "substance" and "individuum" was investigated, which are two of the most fundamental concepts in the W … More estern Philosophy and at the same time function as important cognitive fiamework in our ordinary intellectual life. We've elucidated the historical formation of such concepts as "ousia", "tode ti" (as used by Aristotle), and "essentia"(as used by Augustine) from the standpoint of Conceptual History. We've explained the conceptual formation by means of symbolic illustrations in order to make the result of the research easily understood. In the pages p.40-50 of the report of the research our investigation concerning Edmund Husserl's theory of the function of Deixis in the 1^<st> Logical Investigation is printed. It is discussed only negatively, namely: according to the linguistic theory of Husserl, deictic expressions have been said to bear no meaning at all. But we found that he recognized and analyzed the "function" of such expressions with a good reason. Of course this function can be described as a kind of 'referential function'. In other words, deistic expressions point always to the speaking-act of the speaker or the writing-act of the writer simultaneously. The 'semantic' function of deictic expressions in this sense must be always taken into consideration, even when the meaning function (Bedeutungsfunktion) of a full predicative sentence is scrutinized.As the last stage of this research we've clarified the proper "rationality" of communicative speech acts. According to our research, communicative speech acts have their proper rationality, which is quite different from another type of rationality of strategic acts. The latter type of rationality presupposes interest-oriented calculation. On the other hand, it is elucidated that communicative speech acts 'presuppose' an act of mutual recognition between all participants in a linguistic communication. Less