Components of city image and structure of cognitive map

本研究的目的是揭示环境表征的结构，假设人类的认知地图与林奇提出的城市意象的组成部分相对应。采用心理物理学方法研究了预呈现信息对认知地图的影响。通过心理物理实验和脑磁图测量，研究了在模拟真实的城市环境的虚拟环境中探索所获得的认知地图的结构。1.研究了路径和节点信息在虚拟环境中的听觉呈现对寻路时间的影响。当环境结构复杂且无路标时，偏心路径/节点信息比自我中心路径/节点信息更有效。研究结果表明，在虚拟环境中，地图形式的路径信息和路标信息对寻路时间的影响。我们发现，当地图上有错误的路径或地标信息时，寻路时间会变长。特别地，当地标信息存在虚假时，这种影响的扩散范围超过了地标的邻域。研究结果表明，环境与地图之间的界标不匹配干扰了认知地图的获得。3.从心理物理学和认知神经科学的角度研究了界标信息和区域信息对认知地图获得的影响。研究发现，由于缺乏地标或区域信息，认知地图的结构和神经基质存在显著差异。4.通过揭示认知地图获取的神经网络，提出解决城市环境和媒体环境中“走失儿童问题”的方法。

The purpose of this research is to reveal structure of representation of environment on assumption of that human cognitive map is corresponding with components of image of city as Lynch proposed. We investigated effects of pre-presented information on cognitive map by psychophysical methods. We also investigated structure of cognitive map which is acquired by exploration of virtual environment that simulates real urban environment by psychophysical experiments and by measurement of magnetoencephalography.1.We investigated effects of path and node information that is aurally presented before wayfinding in virtual environment on time of wayfinding. When structure of environment is complex and there is no landmark, exocentric path/node information is more effective than egocentric path/node information. It is suggested that exocentric information is more effective for acquisition of cognitive map.2.We investigated effects of path and landmark information that is presented as a map before wayfinding in virtual environment on time of wayfinding. We found that when there was false information about path or landmark on the map, time of wayfinding became longer. Specially, when there was false information about landmark, the effect spread more than neighborhood of the landmark. It is suggested that mismatch of landmark between environment and map disturb acquisition of cognitive map.3.We investigated effects of landmark information and district information on acquisition of cognitive map by psychophysical and cognitive-neuroscientific methods. It was revealed that depending of lack of landmark or district information, structure of cognitive map and neural substrate are significantly different.4.We are going to propose method to solve "lost-child problem" in city environment and media environment through revealing neural network for acquisition of cognitive map.