Consolidation of Democracy and Political Participation in South Korea : A Case Study on Local Election and Presidential Election in 2002

本研究考察韩国民主巩固时期的政治参与。有人认为，在1987年向民主过渡之后，现有的政党制度未能反映和回应民间社会的普遍要求。然而，在2002年的总统选举中，出现了一种新的政治参与方式。2004年大选后，政党制度发生了结构性变化。本研究考察政治参与及其对政治精英互动中的政治制度变化的影响，重点关注选举年的政治进程。它还考察了参与地方政治，因为它与国家政治相互作用。研究结果表明：第一，自2002年大选以来，政治意识形态成为影响选民投票行为的重要因素，并带来了政党制度的结构性变化。第二，新的政治参与方式在这一政治变革中发挥了重要作用，引发了围绕保守的冷战意识形态和制度框架的旧政权遗产问题。第三，“政治机会结构”的转变促进了新型的政治参与方式。2002年总统选举前的政党改革促进了民众对选举过程的参与，并产生了超出政治精英预期的政治活力。第四，“代际”已成为韩国政治的重要因素。这与新型的政治参与方式充分利用网络有一定的关系。第五，地方政治仍然受到国家政治的单方面影响，地方层面的政治参与依赖于国家层面的政治，因此，民主巩固过程中的制度化进程受到人民政治参与的强烈影响。同时，是公民社会与政治社会之间的互动过程，社会引入新的制度，促进政治参与。少

This study examines political participation during the period of democratic consolidation of South Korea. It has been argued that following the transition to democracy in 1987 the existing political party system failed to reflect and respond to popular demands from a civil society.In the 2002 presidential election, however, a new style of political participation appeared ; and the party system changed structurally after the 2004 general election. This study examines political participation and its effect on political institutional change in interaction of political elites, with a focus on the election year political process. It also examines participation in local politics as it interacts with national politics.The results of the research reveal the following : First, since the 2002 election political ideology has become an important factor that influences voting behavior and has brought about a structural change in the party system. Second, the new style of political participation pla … More ys an important role in this political change, provoking an ancien regime legacy issue framed around conservative Cold War ideology and institutions. Third, the change to a "political opportunity structure" promoted the new style of political participation. The party reform that preceded the 2002 presidential election promoted popular engagement in the election process and produced a political dynamic beyond political elite's expectation. Fourth, "generation" has become an important factor in South Korean politics. This is partly related to the fact that the new style of political participations makes full use of Internet. Fifth, local politics is still influenced unilaterally by national politics, and political participation at the local level is dependent on politics at the national levelThus, the institutionalization process during the consolidation of democracy is strongly influenced by the political participation of the people. Concurrently, is the interaction process between the civil society and political society introduces new institutions and promotes political participation. Less