International Comparative Study on the Development of Labor Market in Asia.

本研究通过大量收集亚洲各国的统计数据、相关参考资料进行宏观分析，并结合笔者本人的调查进行微观分析，对处于亚洲发展前沿的劳动力市场进行跨国比较。具体分析对象包括：资本规模/经营规模形成的劳动力市场、企业内部劳动力市场的特点、各劳动力市场的性别分工、劳动者的学历等级与功能分工/技能形成的关系、劳动力市场的地域性与市场结构的差异。通过对这些项目的综合分析，可以明确当代亚洲发展最前沿的劳动力市场的国际比较。亚洲国家/地区多元化劳动力市场的形成呈现出独特的演变过程，这些领域的体制因素和普遍存在的市场原则主要受到发达国家跨国企业直接投资的影响。除了亚洲各国国内劳动力市场的分层外，国际上劳动力市场的多层次化也日益突出，导致劳动力差距扩大。作为该地区主要外国企业的日本企业，为了使日本式的管理/生产系统适应亚洲式的管理/生产系统，采取了业务本地化和降低劳动力成本的战略，这是扩大劳动力市场差距结构的因素之一。发展保障占工人绝大多数的不稳定就业阶层的生活和就业的机构将是一个紧迫的问题。

Integrating macro analyses through intensive collection of statistical data on Asian countries as well as related references and micro analyses through the author's own fact-finding surveys, this research attempts to cross-nationally compare the labor markets at the forefront of development in Asia. The specific subjects for analysis include labor market formation by capital scale/business scale, characteristics of internal labor markets of individual enterprises, gender division of labor in each labor markets, relations between hierarchy based on academic backgrounds of laborers and functional division of labor/skill formation, and regionality of labor market and differences in market structure. The comprehensive analysis of these items addresses clarification of the international comparison in labor markets in the forefront of development in contemporary Asia.To conclude as a whole, the formations of the diversified labor markets in Asian countries/regions have shown unique evolutions with interactive regulation between the peculiar socio-institutional factors to those areas and the market principles that pervade with an impact mainly from direct investments by multinational enterprises of developed countries. In addition to stratification of the domestic labor markets of the Asian nations, the multi-layered market becomes prominent internationally causing widening of the labor gap. Japanese enterprises, major foreign companies in the region, have tried to adapt their Japanese-style management/production systems to the Asian style with a strategy to pursue localization of business and lower labor costs, which is one of the factors to expand the gap structures in the labor markets. Development of institutions to secure lives and employment of unstable employment strata that command an overwhelming majority of the workers will be an urgent issue.