A Study on the Changes of Subcontracting System and Work System under the Effect of the Information Technology in the Manufacturing Industry

我们可以通过区分企业内部的变化和企业间的变化来观察就业结构的变化。公司内部的变化是由技术变革(信息技术)导致的特征、工人技能的变化引起的。通过分析分包制的变化，可以观察到企业之间的变化。在这篇报道中，我们特别关注了汽车行业。在那个行业里，公司生产工人的比例已经大大下降了。在分包制方面，大型装配厂改变了向分包商(供应商)订购汽车零部件的形式。组装厂改变了购买模式。这些工厂提名了一家公司作为组织者。具体地说，通过停止直接向供应商订货或采购的模式，装配厂变成了通过组织者(公司)订货和采购。结果，主办方得以保住…的位置更多的主要供应商，其他公司的地位恶化为第二或第三供应商。分包制的变化涉及到企业内部用工结构的变化。在主要供应商中，一方面生产工人的比例变小，另一方面工程师的比例变大。此外，分包制的变化也影响了当地的就业结构。在第二或第三供应商，生产工人的比例变大。此外，在这类供应商中，装配厂订购的汽车零部件数量一直在逐渐减少。上述趋势对当地劳动力市场产生了重大影响。当然，这一趋势影响了我们分析的两个领域的就业结构，即生产工人比例略有下降。但在制造业历史悠久的城市，受雇于制造业的工人数量并没有如此减少。为了规划当地的就业政策，考虑到每个地区的行业特点是至关重要的。较少

We can observe the changes of employment structure by distinguishing the changes within the firm and the changes among the firms. The changes within the firm were caused by the change of characteristics workers skills resulted from technological changes (information technologies). The changes among firms can be observed by analyzing, especially, the changes of subcontracting system. In this report we especially attended the automobile industry. In that industry the proportion of production worker within the firm has fallen greatly. As for the subcontracting system, big assembly plants changed the form of ordering automobile parts from subcontractor (supplier). Assembly plants transformed the buying pattern. Those plants nominated one company as the organizer. To be more concrete, by stopping the pattern of directly ordering or buying from supplier, assembly plant became ordering and buying through the organizer (company). The result was that the organizer could keep the position of the … More primary supplier, other companies deteriorated the position into the secondary or third supplier. That changes of subcontracting system involved changing employment structure within the firm. At the primary supplier, on the one hand, the proportion of production worker got smaller, on the other hand, that of engineer got larger. Also, the changes of subcontracting system affected the local employment structure. At secondary or third supplier, the proportion of production worker got larger. In addition, at that class supplier, the amount of automobile parts ordered by assembly plant has been decreasing gradually. Tendency above mentioned had significant impact on the local labor market. Surely that tendency influenced the employment structure in two areas we analyzed, namely the proportion of production worker reduced a little. But the number of workers, who are employed by manufacturing industries, has not so decreased in the cities have a long history of that industry. In order to plan the local employment policy, it is vital to take account of the industrial characteristics of each district. Less