Development of new process for rapid pig iron making in high oxygen potential at low temperature in order to reduce carbon dioxide gas emission

塔塔拉是日本传统的炼铁工艺，6世纪末从韩国传入日本。它有1.2m高的箱式粘土炉，主要由铁砂和木炭生产生铁。这是明治中期世界上独一无二的生铁生产工艺，对塔塔拉进行了改进，并用耐火砖建造了3m高的炉子。这种炉子被称为“Kakuro”。然而，Kakuro流程由于飞溅，不太适合从粉状铁矿石中炼铁。用高温X射线衍射仪测定了球磨机上石墨粉碎氧化铁的还原速率。随着球磨时间的延长，还原起始温度降低30~100K，从赤铁矿到磁铁矿、从磁铁矿到黄铁矿的还原活化能降低。从黄铁矿到铁的比例有所增加。用扫描隧道显微镜对Fe1-XO的表面进行了分析。表面在va…中破裂更多的立方体是随机的。在真空中加热15min。在80 0℃时，沿<lt；110<>方向的台阶生长，(1×1)，(4×2)的表面结构和约3 nm正方形的麦芽状出现在(10 0)表面。在1000℃真空中加热15min后，所有表面都被网状物占据。网状结构意味着铁素体中的Fe原子空位簇出现在表面。H+离子辐照表面维氏体相的初始还原表明，网状结构消失，表面保留有直径为2~3 nm的细小铁粒子。测得磁铁矿的介电常数和磁导率在2.45 GHz附近有最大值。用3kW微波加热10g左右的碳素复合球团，加热至1370℃，保温5min，制得生铁。升温速率取决于球团的重量，而不是铁粉的直径。生铁的杂质浓度比高炉生产的生铁低十分之一。研究了以铁矿粉和焦粉混合物为原料，采用微波熔炼生铁的连续过程。指出了绝缘体吸收微波和微波能量吸收效率低的两个问题。提出了新型微波炉的设计方案。一种是微波光束集中在炉膛中心的微波炉，另一种是回转窑式微波炉。较少

The Tatara was the traditional ironmaking process in Japan and came from Korea in the late of 6 centuries. It had the box-type furnace with 1.2m height using clay and produced mainly pig iron from iron sand and charcoal. This process was the unique way in the world for producing pig iron In the middle of Meiji period, the Tatara was improved and the furnace with 3m height was constructed using firebricks. The furnace was called as "Kakuro". However, the Kakuro process was not so suitable for ironmaking from powder iron ore because of its flying. The reduction rates of iron oxides ground with graphite by a ball-mill were measured using a high temperature X-ray deffractometer. Increasing the milling time, the starting temperature of reduction decreased by 30 to 100K and the activation energies of reduction from hematite to magnetite and from magnetite to wustite decreased. That from wustite to iron increased. The surface of Fe1-xO was analyzed using STM analyzer. The surface broken in va … More cuum was random. When it was heated in vacuum for 15 min. at 800℃, the step with <110> direction grew and the surface construction of (1x1), (4x2) and the mash with about 3nm square appeared on the surface of (100). After heating in vacuum for 15 min at 1000℃, all surface was occupied with the mesh. The mesh meant that the clusters of Fe atomic vacancies in wustite appeared on the surface. The initial reduction of wustite on the surface radiated by H+ ions showed that the mesh structure disappeared and the small iron particles with 2-3nm diameter stayed on the surface. The dielectric constant and magnetic permeability of magnetite were measured to have the maximum near 2.45GHz of microwave. The carbon-composite pellet of about 10g was heated to 1370℃ for 5 min using 3kW microwave and produced pig iron. The increasing rate of temperature depended on the weight of pellets and not on the diameter of iron are powder. The concentration of impurities of pig iron was lower by one tenth than that of pig iron produced in blast furnace. The continuous process of pig iron making by microwave using the mixture of iron ore and coke powder was examined. Two problems were pointed out that insulators absorbed microwave and the absorption efficiency of microwave energy into resources was low. The new types of microwave furnace were proposed. One is the furnace that microwave beams are concentrated in the center of furnace and another is the rotary kiln type microwave furnace. Less