Transnational Comparison of Ecological Resource Management by Constructing Integrated Database on Livelihood and Environment in Mainland Southeast Asia

本研究的主要目的是：1）建立东南亚大陆生计与环境的跨国数据库; 2）考察不同地区生计系统和资源利用的变化过程; 3）从经济、社会和环境的角度对这些变化过程进行比较研究。制度和文化背景。生计和环境跨国数据库包括从92本统计书籍中收集的越南158个表格记录和9814个图像记录，从20本统计书中收集到柬埔寨的表记308条，从22本统计书中收集到老挝的表记2874条，从15本统计书中收集到泰国的表记73条，从13本统计书中收集到缅甸的表记471条，图像记录1505条。利用该数据库分析了泰国农业生产率的变化、越南和缅甸土地利用的变化、泰国居民点分布的变化等相关问题。我们亦制作了数幅涵盖整个东南亚大陆的专题地图。主要结论是，虽然人口增长是第二次世界大战以来东南亚大陆资源利用和农业生产率等生计系统变化的共同因素，但社会基础设施和市场发展、政府政策和行政管理等条件不同，经济和市场体系在该区域内形成了多种多样的变化过程模式。

The major objectives of this research project are as follows.1)To develop a transnational database of livelihood and environment of Mainland Southeast Asia,2)To examine the changing process of livelihood systems and resources use at different areas, and3)To carry out a comparative study of the changing process from the viewpoints of their economic, institutional and cultural contexts.The transnational database of livelihood and environment includes 158 table records and 9814 image records of Vietnam collected from 92 statistical books, 308 table records of Cambodia collected from 20 statistical books, 2874 table records of Laos collected from 22 statistical books, 73 table records of Thailand collected from 15 statistical books, and 471 table records and 1505 image records of Myanmar collected from 13 statistical books. In total, it includes 3884 table records and 11319 image records collected from 163 statistical books.Using this database, we analyzed changes in agricultural productivity of Thailand, Changes in land use in Vietnam and Myanmar, changes in settlement distribution in Thailand and other relevant topics. We also produced several thematic maps covering the whole Mainland Southeast Asia. These include population density, rice production, cropping patterns and food balance.The major conclusion is that, though the population growth has been the common factor of changes in livelihood systems including resources use and agricultural productivity since the World War II in Mainland Southeast Asia, different conditions of the development of social infrastructure and market, government policies and administration, and economic and market systems formulate diverse patterns of changing process within the region.