Brain Science of Language based on Generative Grammar

人类语言最基本、最普遍的特性之一是一种被称为置换的现象。我们使用多通道事件相关电位（ERPs）来识别日语这种词序相对自由的SOV语言的这种现象的性质。比较了两类日语复句中规范语序句与非规范语序句的erp；即在那些可以被描述为处于中置乱状态（MSC）的和处于长置乱状态（LSC）的。与CC相比，在LSC中观察到持续前路负性（SAN）和P600在间隙前位置，这与先前的研究结果一致。SAN在形态和头皮分布上表现出三边性，主要反映了句子理解中打乱元素的存储成本。与后侧P600不同，后侧P600有左侧额颞最大值，在之前的相关研究中被视为主题角色分配的反映。本文认为，P600在本研究中反映了结构整合的成本，这主要取决于案例标记信息。一个成分的解释句子含义也观察到,反映在一个前消极post-gap口头的位置,不能分化pre-gap语言在语言中的位置的动宾语序。比较右错位实句和右错位补句的erp。研究发现，右错位的论点引发了左主导的肯定，反映了句子理解中的句法整合。erp和MEG研究了中间乱句的处理。在300-500ms的时间窗中激发了具有左颞叶最大值的大正性，MEG也在此时间窗附近激发了激活。

One of the most fundamental and universal properties of human language is a phenomenon called displacement. We used multi-channel event-related potentials (ERPs) to identify the nature of this phenomenon with Japanese, an SOV language of relatively free word order. The ERPs of sentences of canonical word order (CC) were compared with those of non-canonical word order in two types of Japanese complex sentences ; namely in those which can be described as being in a middle-scrambled condition (MSC) and in those in a long-scrambled condition (LSC). The sustained anterior negativity (SAN) and the P600 in the pre-gap position were observed in the LSC, compared to the CC, and they are consistent with previous findings. The SAN, exhibiting a tripartite nature in morphology and scalp distribution, mainly reflected a storage cost of scrambled elements in sentence comprehension. The subsequent P600 had a left front-temporal maximum, distinguished from a posterior P600, taken as a reflector of the thematic role assignment in previous related studies. It is argued that the P600 in the present study reflects a cost of structural integration intensively depending on the case marker information. A compositional interpretation of sentence meanings was also observed, reflected in an anterior negativity at the post-gap verbal position, which cannot be differentiated at the pre-gap verbal position in the languages of SVO word order. The ERPs of sentences of right dislocated arguments were compared with those of the right dislocated adjuncts. It was found that right dislocated arguments elicited a left dominant positivity, reflecting a syntactic integration in sentence comprehension. The ERPs and the MEG investigated the processing of middle scrambled sentences. The large positivity with a left temporal maximum was elicited at the time window of 300-500ms, and the MEG also elicited an activation at around this time period.