Pilgrimage and Popular Religion in the Pan-Mediterranean World

在这个项目期间，我们在东京上智大学共开了16次研究会议，共有26位研究者和10位特邀记者做了报告。调查人员进行了几次实地调查，其区域几乎遍及欧洲和北非的所有地区，即英国、法国、西班牙、意大利、摩洛哥、突尼斯、利比亚、埃及、以色列、黎巴嫩、叙利亚、土耳其、希腊和俄罗斯。此外，首席研究员SEKI和OOTOSHI参加了2005年11月5日至6日在爱媛大学/松山举行的“四国君礼与世界朝圣”国际研讨会，对四国君礼进行了进一步的比较研究，扩展了他们的知识。(1)以一神教为特征的泛地中海世界三大宗教（基督教、伊斯兰教和犹太教）在朝圣现象中都找到了一些相合的东西，但它们在教义和宗教组织制度上却有很大的不同。(2)朝圣被视为宗教虔诚的行为，但总是涉及到民间宗教的因素，因此必须由当局控制。医治疾病是驱使大批人去朝圣的主要动机。(3)三种一神教都承认有共同的圣地和相同的圣人，因为犹太教是基督教和穆斯林的起源。(4)要把握泛地中海世界，不仅要注意宗教权威的意见，而且要注意作为大众宗教表现形式的朝圣。(5)调查者有实地调查和实际朝圣的亲身经历是非常重要的。

During the term of this project, We opened totally sixteen study meetings at Sophia University/Tokyo, in which the total number of twenty-six investigators and ten invited guest reporters presented their reports.The investigators conducted severally their field inquiries, whose regions extended almost through all the area of Europe and North Africa, namely England, France, Spain, Italia, Morocco, Tunisia, Libya, Egypt, Israel, Lebanon, Syria, Turkey, Greece, and Russia.Also, having given further comparative study to Sikoku-Junrei, the head investigator SEKI and OOTOSHI who took part in the international symposium of "Sikoku-Junrei and the Pilgrimages of the World" in Ehime University/Matsuyama at 5-6 November, 2005, extended their knowledge.As a result, we reached the following some summarized aspects :(1) The great three Religions (Christianity, Islam and Judaism) in the Pan-Mediterranean World characterized by Monotheism, find in Pilgrimage phenomenon something congenial to themselves, but they have been remarkably different in the doctrines and system of religious organizations.(2) The Pilgrimage was regarded as the act of religious piety, but always involves the elements of popular religion, so had to be controlled by the authority. It is the healing from disease that was the main motive of the masses of people who have been put spurs to pilgrimage.(3) The three monotheistic religions have recognized common sacred places and same saints, because Judaism was the origin of Christianity and Muslim.(4) In order to grasp the Pan-Mediterranean World, it is essential that not only the opinions of religious authorities but also pilgrimage as expression of the popular religion must be noticed.(5) It is very important that the investigator have a personal experience of field survey and actual pilgrimage.