Migration and urbanization in Thailand under globalization

这一研究项目的结果可概括如下：第一，泰国农村地区的生育率在1980年代呈下降趋势，农村地区的潜在外迁移民人数近年来也因此而减少，但由于就业机会不足，即使在2000年之后，泰国农村地区的大规模外迁仍在继续。20世纪90年代后，由于进入发声省份的外国直接投资迅速增长，目的地地区从曼谷大都市转移到曼谷周边省份。其次，我们在泰国北部和东北部的农村地区进行了实地调查，发现清迈和坤健等地区城市的经济发展迅速，现金经济对农村地区的影响也很强。即使在泰国农村，通过电视和手机获取信息也已经非常普遍，许多村民可以获得如何通过劳动力迁移赚钱的信息。越来越多的VILLAG…更多的人希望在曼谷和发音较高的省份甚至国外工作。第三，我们还在老挝的两个村庄进行了实地调查，一个在鲁南普拉邦附近，相当偏远的村庄，另一个在万象附近。我们发现老挝村庄的生育率仍然远远高于泰国的村庄，但在过去五年里，甚至在电力和现金经济的全面影响之前，生育率也开始下降。中央政府已说服村民放弃刀耕火种的农业，并建议在十年内种植经济作物。村民们感受到了环境的变化，开始考虑接受计划生育。以往的许多研究都集中在发展中国家大城市与全球化的联系及其对发展中国家的影响。我们发现在泰国农村以及老挝和缅甸等邻国进行更详细的实地调查非常重要，因为最近的变化大多来自农村地区。我们决定继续这一研究项目，特别侧重于发展中国家的周边地区。较少

The results of this research project can be summarized as follows; First, The fertility stated to decline in the rural Thailand in 1980s and the number of potential out-migrants in the rural area is thereby decreasing in recent years, but because of the insufficient job opportunity, the mass out-migration continues even after 2000 in the rural Thailand. The destination area changed from Bangkok Metropolis to the surrounding provinces of Bangkok after 1990s due to the rapid growth of foreign direct investment into the sounding provinces. Second, we conducted field surveys in the rural areas of Northern and Northeastern Thailand and found rapid economic developments in regional cities such as Chiang Mai and Khon Kaen and also strong influence of cash economy on the rural areas. The access to information through television and mobile phone is already very common even in the rural Thailand and many villagers can get information how to earn money by labor migration. And more and more villag … More ers want to work Bangkok and sounding provinces or even in abroad. Third, we also conducted field survey in the two villages in Laos, one is near Lunang Prabang, rather remote village and another is located near Vientiane. We found the fertility in Lao villages is still considerably higher than villages in Thailand, but it also started to decline in the last five years, even before the electricity and full-scale influence of cash economy. The central government has persuaded villagers to give up their slash-and-burn agriculture and recommended to grow cash crops for a decade. The villagers feel changes in their circumstances and started to consider accepting family planning.Many previous studies have concentrated on the changes in large cities in developing countries to connect globalization and its influence on the developing countries. We found the importance of conducting more detailed field survey in the rural Thailand and neighboring countries such as Laos and Myanmar, because most of the recent changes are coming from the rural areas. We decided to continue this research project in particular focusing on the peripheral regions in the developing countries. Less