The aspects of a public sphere crossing the nation-state in a process of the globalization ; A study of the comparison historical sociology on "colony" and "city"

在这项研究中，我们的目标是考虑在民族国家框架内发展的公共领域的特征，因为全球现象-全球化-迅速发展。我们主要从比较社会学的角度对“殖民地”和“城市”进行研究。在过去的3年里，我们召开了13次研究会议，并通过历史学、人类学、城市地理学、国际政治学等方法，在分析全球化方面取得了进展。在城市方面，我们重视实地考察，走访了大连、上海、胡志明、河内、首尔以及柏林和巴黎等全球城市。本文以关注全球化背景下后殖民城市的转型为研究对象，从经济差异、种族歧视和郊区化三个方面展开研究。本研究的一部分内容被收录在研究成果报告“上海实地考察报告”中。我们与上海社会科学院和台北中央研究院等当地学者和机构建立了合作关系。全球化时代的城市问题总是与伴随着资本和劳动力转移的城市间问题有关，或者与城市、郊区、区域和农村的问题有关。“全球城市”和“内部殖民地”的概念和实际情况再次成为一个问题，殖民主义在全球化中演变的转变，“没有殖民地的殖民主义”在我们的研究中变得清晰起来。为了充分讨论这一问题，我们由立命馆大学国际语言文化研究所主办了“全球化与殖民主义”系列研究会议，并于2006年11月至12月召开了五次专题讨论会。

In this research, we aim to consider characteristics of public spheres which develop across a framework of nation-state as worldwide phenomena-globalizations-rapidly evolve. Mainly we focus on "colony" and "city" at the perspective of comparative sociology. For the past three years, we held research conferences thirteen times and make advance in analyzing globalizations through the approaches of history, anthropology, urban geography, and international politics.Concerning of cities, we put importance on fieldworks and visited some global cities, such as Dalian, Shanghai, Ho Chi Minh, Hanoi, Seoul, and furthermore Berlin and Paris. We put forward the research with having paied attention to transformations of the post-colonial cities in globalizations, and we go into search an economical differential, racial discrimination, and suburbanization. A part of this research is included in The Result Report of the Research, "The Fieldwork Report of Shanghai". We had a relationship with local scholars and institutes such as Shanghai Academy of Social Sciences and Academia Sinica in Taipei.An urban problem in the age of globalizations is always in connection with inter-city problems accompanied by transfers of capital and labor, or in connection with problems of cities, suburbs, regions and farm villages. Concepts and actual conditions of "global city" and "internal colony" came up again as an issue and transformations of colonialism evolving in globalizations, "colonialism without colony", became clear as we carried on the research. To discuss the issue sufficiently, we held the series of research conferences, "Globalization and Colonialism", sponsored by International institute of language and culture studies of Ritsumeikan university, and also opened symposiums five times from November to December in 2006.