The Cause and Remedy for Flat Pitch Singing by Computer Assisted Visual Feedback

本研究的目的是：1）阐明平音产生的原因和影响; 2）演示计算机辅助视觉反馈的补救方法。术语“平音生产”可以定义为轻微程度的不良音高歌唱。实验分为两类：（1）音高差异的感知;（2）音高-音程匹配的准确性。结果表明，基音识别率与基音匹配精度之间的关系不大。然而，一些准确的歌手不能区分两个音调之间的4或5 Hz的差异。大部分学生在纯音和钢琴音模型中产生音高间隔时表现出轻微的平坦（p<0.001）。他们唱得比声乐模型高得多。男性和女性的歌唱作品也略有不同。女学生有倾向于使用他们的假声较低的歌声。模型差异对音高产生过程有很大的影响，在矫正方案上，我们使用了针对低平歌唱者的矫正反馈系统，该系统可以通过Protools + Autotune & Melodyne 2.6对歌唱中的低平部分进行矫正。平调演唱者可以通过电脑显示屏上的视觉线条，既看到和听到原平调演唱，也可以看到和听到调后的平调演唱。纠正歌唱是他们自己的声音，使他们能够很容易地模仿它作为一个目标模式。事实上，一名声乐专业的学生通过计算机辅助视觉反馈显着改善了她的平唱。我们的结论是，矫正视觉反馈是有效的，以改善单位歌唱。

This study is 1) to clarify the cause and effect of flat pitch production, and 2) to demonstrate the remedy method by computer assisted visual feedback. The term "flat pitch production" can be defined as a slight degree of poor pitch singing. Two kinds of experiments were conducted : (1)perception of pitch difference (2)pitch-interval matching accuracy to 3 kinds of stimulus models : vocal, piano and pure tone. It can be concluded that there is the little relationship between pitch discrimination and pitch-interval matching accuracy. However, some accurate singers could not discriminate the difference in 4 or 5 Hz between 2 tones. Most of the students went slightly flat when they produced pitch-intervals in response to the pure tone and piano tone models (p<.001). They sang significantly higher to the vocal model. There was also a slight difference between male and female singing production. Female students had a tendency toward lower singing using their falsetto voice. The model differences have a strong influence on the pitch production process.Regarding the remedy program, we used the correctional feedback system for flat singers, which could correct the flat part of singing by Protools + Autotune & Melodyne 2.6. Flat singers can see and listen both original flat singing and corrected pitch singing by visual line on the computer display. Corrected singing is their own voice so that they could easily imitate it as a target model. In fact, a vocal major student remarkably improved her flat singing by computer assisted visual feedback. We concluded that correctional visual feedback is effective for improving flat singing.