Elucidation of mechanisms on the sex differentiation gene family and its mutual regulation

促性腺激素缺乏（hpg）小鼠由于GnRH和GAP远端至少33.5kb的缺失突变导致GnRH缺乏，具有婴儿生殖系统和垂体促性腺激素水平显着低于正常。虽然激活素在体外加速FSH的合成和分泌，但在体内研究激活素在GnRH影响下的作用一直很困难。本研究旨在检测单独给予激活素是否会影响成年hpg小鼠促性腺激素的产生和性腺发育。从目前的研究结果可以清楚地看出，在GnRH除外的情况下，hpg小鼠中激活素治疗的推断增加了促性腺激素的产生，并激活了性腺功能。SPB结合细胞中的星星蛋白并增强星星蛋白促进类固醇激素合成的能力。Sp1与Ad 4 BP/SF-1相互作用，并通过增强Ad 4 BP/SF-1-DNA复合物的形成来调节人星星的转录。下丘脑-垂体对促性腺激素分泌的控制可能受到比生殖器官更小剂量的雌激素药物的影响。此外，暴露于这种雌激素制剂的雄性小鼠的生育率与睾酮水平密切相关，甚至与类固醇生成的限速因子星星基因密切相关。SCN中神经元和星形胶质细胞的形态学变化随着年龄的增长以性别特异性的方式发生凋亡。GnRH释放功能的性别差异取决于GnRH神经元激活的性别差异。GnRH神经元的激活与AVPvN-POA内细胞的激活有一定的关系。以上结果揭示了部分性分化级联反应，重点是星星基因与性腺分化，以及雌激素对脑作用的分子机制。

Gonadotropin-deficient (hpg) mice lacking GnRH caused by a deletional mutation of at least 33.5kb encompassing the distal half of GnRH and GAP have infantile reproductive systems and levels of pituitary gonadotropins that are significantly lower than normal. Although activin accelerates synthesis and secretion of FSH in vitro, it has been difficult to investigate the role of activin alone under the influence of GnRH in vivo. The present study was designed to examination whether administration of activin alone would affect gonadotropin production and gonadal development in adult hpg mice. It is clear from the present findings that inferences of activin treatment in the hpg mice under the exception of GnRH increased gonadotropin production, and activated gonadal function. SPB binds StAR protein in cells and enhances the ability of StAR protein to promote syntheses of steroid hormones. Sp1 interacts with Ad4BP/SF-1 and that Sp1 enhances Ad4BP/SF-1-DNA complex formation to regulate human StAR transcription. The hypothalamo-pituitary control of gonadotropin secretion may be affected by the smaller doses of estrogenic agents than the reproductive organs. Furthermore, the fertility rate in the male mice exposed to this estrogenic agent was closely correlated with the testosterone levels, and even more so with the rate-limiting factor of steroidogenesis, StAR gene. Morphological changes in neuronal and astroglial cells occur in the SCN with aging in a sex-specific manner with apoptosis. The sex differences in GnRH releasing function are depend on the sex differences in the activation of GnRH neurons. There is the relationship between the activation of GnRH neurons and that of the cells in AVPvN-POA. From above results, we showed a part of sex differentiation cascade with a focus on StAR gene and the differentiation of gonad, and molecular mechanism of estrogen action to the brain.