Diversified Research on the Demise of the Ancient Egyptian Regime-Advances to Downfall and Crisis Issues-

这项研究的目的是调查古埃及政权的灭亡导致的实际情况，并阐明其“垮台”的含义。为了把握第三中间期至托勒密王朝时期的共同政治运动，我们特意选择了一个远离上、下埃及政治中心的地方城市阿科里斯作为考察对象，考察了一个定居点、一个墓地和两个近采石场，并从城市形成、制造业、贸易、丧葬习俗和信仰五个方面进行了考察。已经被讨论过了。由于这种多样化的研究，以下事实得到证实。城市的形成，制造业和贸易变得蓬勃发展，坟墓的建造增加了，而不是阿蒙-拉，这是新王国的主神，对当地动物神的信仰占了上风。这些明显出现在第三中间时期的运动被归因于中产阶级公民的崛起和他们的财富。通过我们在阿科里斯的调查得出的结论可以扩展到其他当代城市，如“历史”的描述所暗示的。埃及的衰落模式值得注意，因为它不同于罗马帝国和汉朝帝国的情况，这两个帝国都造成了社会危机。

The purpose of this research is to investigate actual conditions that the demise of the ancient Egyptian regime led on to, and to elucidate the meaning of its 'downfall'. A local city, Akoris far remote from the political centers of Upper and Lower Egypt, was purposely chosen as the target of our investigation so as to grasp the common, political movements from the Third Intermediate Period to the Ptolemaic Period.A settlement area, a graveyard and two nearly quarries have been investigated and five sub-areas, that is, city formation, manufacturing, trade, funeral practices and beliefs, have been taken up for discussion. As a consequence of such diversified research, the following facts are testified. The city formation, the manufacturing and the trade became vigorous, the grave-making increased and instead of Amon-Ra which had been the main god for the New Kingdom the beliefs in local animal gods prevailed. These movements which clearly appeared in the Third Intermediate Period are attributed to the rise of middle class citizens and their wealth.The conclusion which was reached through our investigations in Akoris can be extended to other contemporary cities such as the description of "Historia" suggests. This Egyptian decline model is notable in that it is different from the cases of the Roman and' Han Empires, both of which caused a social crisis.