Research in Religious Folklore concerning the various opposing and intimate relationships between people and nature m East Asia.

本研究通过广泛收集日本及其周边东亚国家的民族狩猎习俗和动物祭祀的实例，对现代西方社会形成的“祭祀”概念进行批判性的遵从和相对化，旨在厘清东亚地区人与自然之间的各种对立和亲密关系。不用说，狩猎和祭祀是人类对自然的暴力干预，是人类历史上普遍存在的一种仪式补偿行为。然而，这种表现形式取决于环境，生计和宗教差异，此时，在这个主题下，我们通过这个研究案例考察了包括日本岛屿在内的东亚地区。与日本本土古老的“祭祀文化”被迅速压制和取代的事实形成鲜明对比的是，在冲绳和东亚地区国家，一系列宗教习俗中“祭祀文化”与“祭祀文化”元素融合共存的例子是常态。作为后者的一个原因，当与东亚和西南亚的驯化过程进行比较时，除了真正的不一致之外，对死者的宗教礼仪和既定宗教（如佛教和儒家）的祖先概念在东亚的每个地区都有不一致的影响，因此发现人们很难对死者的灵魂或形象产生自我形成的感知。此外，对民族狩猎习俗和祭祀中常见的“杀戮”和“鲜血”的伦理和象征性解释的重要性变得清晰起来，因此，有必要以多方面的方式重新审视人类与自然相遇时不可避免地发生的“暴力”的意义。少

In this research, through the collection of a wide range of examples of ethnic hunting customs and sacrifice of animals in Japan and its' surrounding East Asian countries, conducting critical compliance and relativization of the concept of "sacrifice" formed in modern Western society, we aimed to make clear the various opposing and intimate relationships between people and nature in East Asia. Needless to say, hunting and sacrifice are violent interventions conducted by people against nature and are, as ritual compensatory behavior, universal throughout the history of mankind. However, this form of expression depends on environmental, livelihood and religious differences and, at this time, with this theme, we have examined the East Asia region including the Japanese islands through this research case.What has become dear with the results of this research is that, in contrast to the fact that in mainland Japan the ancient "culture of sacrifice" has been rapidly suppressed and replaced b … More y the "culture of memorial", in Okinawa and the East Asia region countries, examples of fusion and coexistence of elements of both the "culture of sacrifice" and the "culture of memorial" in a series of religious customs is the norm. And as a reason for the latter, in addition to a real inconsistency when making comparisons with the domestication processes in East Asia and South-West Asia, religious etiquette towards the deceased and the concept of ancestors of established religions such as Buddhism of Confucianism have a non uniform affect on each region of East Asia hence it was found that it was difficult for people to create a self-formed perception of the soul or image of the deceased.Further, the importance of ethical arid symbolic explanations' of "killing" and "blood", both common to ethnic hunting customs and sacrifice, became clear and, for that reason, it is necessary to re-examine in a multi-faceted fashion the meaning of "violence" that inevitably occurs when mankind and nature meet. Less