Anglo-American Modernism and the Representations of the Pacific

在最近对英国现代主义的文学和文化研究中，重新燃起了重新思考现代主义和帝国主义问题的兴趣。除了对中心/大都市和边缘/殖民地的批判性审视之外，人们正在探索帝国及其文化去中心化组织的新方法，至少部分原因是(后)殖民理论，部分原因是目前新帝国全球化的进程。例如，正如我在T·S·艾略特评论中所写的那样，杰德·埃斯蒂在《不断缩小的岛屿：英国的现代主义和民族文化》中将高度现代主义文学置于英国民族文化的更大历史形态中，其中现代主义美学和英国扩张主义力量的共同衰落可以追溯到20世纪30年代的新关注和20世纪50年代文化研究的兴起对国家的岛国完整的关注。特别关注弗吉尼亚·伍尔夫的《在A…之间》的晚期现代主义文本更多的CTS和T·S·艾略特的《四个四重奏》，埃斯蒂的细腻和精明的解读揭示了，尽管帝国衰落对现代主义形式造成了看似致命的影响，但现代主义作家的幸存者参与了从帝国到福利国家，从都市艺术到民族文化的过渡。虽然我同意埃斯蒂的观点，即英国现代主义的帝国文化仍然存在，并在自由派英格兰似乎死亡后继续定义着英国的文化和政治意义，但我认为他在大英帝国(及其文化)的萎缩和欧洲作为参考中心的衰落之间的轻松、甚至过于仓促的比喻是有问题的。我在《帝国与英格兰的文化》一书中提出，尽管英格兰日益缩小的岛屿埃斯蒂假定将成为欧洲文明胜利的典范英式终结的主导人物，在两次世界大战期间，契约英格兰的代表性不能简单地等同于欧洲霸权进步的空间封闭和新帝国--美国的崛起。我的下一篇文章《帝国与劳伦斯的(重塑)》也指出了英国帝国主义的全球性在D·H·劳伦斯的现代主义文学文本中的重要作用，认为《恋爱中的女人》和《袋鼠》的结构意义应该被解读为大英帝国与新的美洲帝国相关的跨国重组和改革，从而在文本表面下揭示亚洲移民的文化他者。最后，从撒切尔主义政治文化的不同角度，在《大英帝国的衰落和美国化》一书中重新审视了英美两国特殊关系的种种矛盾性质，因此，本研究关注的是英美现代主义文本中英美之间的各种关系。我一直认为，两次世界大战期间英美文学的结构决定了太平洋作为文化他者的缺席，并被过度决定了。较少

There has been renewed interest in rethinking the problematics of modernism and imperialism within recent literary and cultural studies of English modernism. Besides critical examinations of the center/metropolis and the periphery/colony, fresh approaches to the decentered organization of the empire and its culture are being explored, at least in part owing to (post)colonial theory, and in part owing to the present process of new imperial globalization. For example, as my review article in T. S. Eliot Review shows, Jed Esty in A Shrinking Island: Modernism and National Culture in England locates high-modernist literature in the larger historical formation of national culture in England, in which the joint eclipse of modernist aesthetics and British expansionist power is traced from the new concern of the 1930s with the insular integrity of the nation through the emergence of cultural studies in the 1950s. Especially focusing on the late modernist texts of Virginia Woolf's Between the A … More cts and T. S. Eliot's Four Quartets, Esty's subtle and shrewd readings reveal that, despite the seemingly fatal effects of declining empire on modernist form, the survivors of the modernist writers participate in the transition from empire to welfare state, from metropolitan art to national culture. While I agree with Esty's contention that the imperial culture of English modernism survives and continues to define the cultural and political meaning of Englishness after the seeming death of liberal England, I find problematic his facile and even overhasty metaphorization between the shrinking of the British Empire (and its culture) and the decline of Europe as the center of reference.I have argued in "The Culture of Empire and Englishness" that, while the shrinking island of England, Esty presumes, becomes "the governing figure for a paradigmatically English end to the triumph of European civilization," the representation of contracted England in the inter-war period cannot simply be identified with the spatial closure of Europe's hegemonic advancement and the rise of new empire, America. My next article "The (Re)formations of Empire and Lawrence" has also suggested the important role of the global nature of English imperialism within the literary modernist texts of D. H. Lawrence, arguing that the structural meaning of Women in Love and Kangaroo should be interpreted the transnational rearticulations and reformations of the British Empire in connection with the new empire of America, thereby the cultural Otherness of the Asian immigrants being disclosed beneath the textual surfaces. Finally, from the somewhat different viewpoint of the political culture of Thatcherism, the variously contradictory nature of the "special relationships" between Britain and America has been reexamined in "The 'Decline' of the British Empire and Americanization."Thus, this research project is concerned with various relationships between Britain and America in Anglo-American modernist texts. I have been arguing that the structure of Angro-American literature within the inter-war period determines and is overdetermined by the absent presence of the Pacific as the cultural Other. Less