A Study on the Decentralization of Educational Administration, the Autonomy in School Management and Democratic Control of the Public Education

本课题研究的重点是20世纪90年代以来我国开展的教育行政和学校管理改革。国家政府坚持认为，这些改革的目的是下放教育行政，建立校本管理。但另一方面，政府修改了《教育基本法》和《地方教育管理法》，加强了教育文化体育科学技术部长官控制地方教育委员会的法律权力，并根据国家制定的标准建立了各地方教育委员会和学校的评估和评价制度。虽然有人指出，这些修改案与地方分权和学校自治相矛盾，但政府主张的地方分权和学校自治的真正目的并不是赋予地方和学校权力。与此同时，公共教育体制的放松管制改革也在发展。例如，废除或修改学校制度的主要法律标准，使地方政府能够改革自己的学校制度，使私人盈利机构能够建立和管理学校。但在制定放松管制法案的立法过程中，缺乏民主讨论。公共教育制度的放松管制是以不民主的决策过程为基础的，而公共教育制度标准的放松管制又加速了不民主的决策。虽然新《教育基本法》规定，国家和地方自治团体要制定提高教育水平的总体规划，但这一制度的实施却落后于计划。对公共教育的影响及其含义将在不久的将来进行研究。

The reforms of the educational administration and the school management which were developed from 1990s in our country are focused in this research project. The national government insists that the purpose of these reforms are to decentralize the education administration and establish the school-based management. But on the other hand, the government revised the Fundamental Law on Education and the Local Education Administration Act to strengthen the legal power of the Minister of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology to control the local boards of education, establish the assessment and evaluation system of each local board of education and school on the standard set by the national government. Although some observers pointed out that these law revisions are in conflict with the decentralization and school autonomy, the empowerment of the local government and school is not the true purpose of the decentralization and autonomy which are insisted by the government.The deregulation reforms are developed in the public education system in the same period. For example, the main legal standards of the school system are repealed or revised to enable the local government to reform its own school system and enable private profitable body to establish and manage the school. But the absence of the democratic discussion is found in the legislative process to enact the deregulation acts. The deregulation of the public education system is based on the undemocratic decision-making process, and the undemocratic decision-making is accelerated by the deregulation of the standard of public education system.The new Fundamental Law of Education provides that the national and local government should establish the master plan to enhance the education, but the implementation of this new system is behind schedule. The effect on the public education and its implication will be examined in the near future.