A study of the new representations and applications of geographic information in a ubiquitous network society.

本研究将主题分为五个主要课题。该项目的调查结果概述如下。(1)日本普遍存在的地图绘制现状：对车载导航系统（IVNS）、移动的电话和互联网网站中地图的空间表示和属性的研究表明，这些地图的风格基本上遵循传统纸质地图的风格，但它们也包含各种功能（例如，交互式地图制作、多媒体功能）。(2)开发新的地图设计和表达：将GIS和VR（虚拟现实）技术应用于京都历史景观的恢复。此外，设计了检测聚类和平滑点分布的数学方法。(3)数字地图对地图使用者的影响：研究了大学生对数字地图的使用和评价。调查结果显示，虽然移动的手机地图因质量较低及体积较小而较不受欢迎，但网站上的数码地图的使用频率与纸质地图相若。关于IVNS中地图的使用，问卷调查的分析显示了一些与性别有关的差异，这是由空间认知的研究澄清。(4)交互式地图制作的应用：数字地图的一个显著特点，即交互性，促进了各种风格的地图制作，旨在公众参与制作地图（例如，绿色地图，犯罪地图）。2000年后，互联网业务中的Web 2.0趋势加速了这一趋势。(5)无处不在的地图的跨文化比较：对日本和美国主要城市指南的内容进行比较，发现地图风格存在一些文化差异。此外，在日本无处不在的映射的独特性，澄清了定量和定性数据。

This reseach project was conducted by dividing the theme into five main subjects. The findings from this project are summarized as follows.(1) Present condition of ubiquitous mapping in Japan :Examination of the spatial representation and properties of maps in in-vehicle navigation systems (IVNS), mobile phones, and Websites on the Internet revealed that the styles of these maps basically follow those of the conventional paper maps, but they also incorporates a variety of features (e.g., interactive map-making, multimedia functions) specific to the digital maps.(2) Development of new design and expression of maps :GIS and VR (virtual reality) technologies were applied to the restoration of historical landscape of Kyoto city. In addition, mathematical methods for detecting clusters and smoothing point distribution were devised.(3) Effects of the digital maps on map users :The use and evaluation of digital maps by university students were examined. The results indicaved that digital maps on the Website are used comparable in frequency to paper maps though mobile phone maps are less popular because of its inferior quality and small size. Concerning the use of maps in IVNS, analysis of a questionnaire survey showed some gender-related differences which was clarified by the studies of spatial cognition.(4) Applications of interactive map making :A distinctive feature of digital maps, namely interactivity, promoted various styles of map making designed to public participation in making maps (e.g, Green map, crime maps). This was accelerated by the trend of the Web 2.0 in the Internet business after 2000.(5) Cross-cultural comparison of ubiquitous mapping :Comparison of the contents of guidebooks for major cities between Japan and USA revealed some cultural differences in the style of map. In addition, a distinctiveness of the ubiquitous mapping in Japan was clarified by quantitative and qualitative data.