STUDIES ON CHEMICAL AND PHYSICAL EFFECTS OF AIR POLLUTANTS ON AIRBORNE POLLEN IN URBANAREA OF JAPAN

本研究旨在探讨大气污染物对杉木花粉的影响，为杉木花粉的生物医学研究提供依据。通过收集悬浮颗粒物和杉木花粉，对授粉季节埼玉市区和山区大气污染物的沉积进行了研究。分析了这些样品的离子和金属成分，并对花椒和花粉进行了分析。我们发现，地壳成分（Al， Fe和Ti）倾向于沉积在孢粉上。通过对杉木花粉的气态污染物的测定，可以看出城市地区沉积在杉木花粉上的颗粒离子组分（NO_3^-、SO_4^<2->和NH_4^+）和气态污染物（NO_2、SO_2和NH_3）的含量明显高于山区。这些现象可能影响传粉，因此有必要进一步探讨其对生物医学研究的启示。此外，用扫描电镜对花粉脱落和破裂的乌氏体进行了形态学观察和证实。此外，利用荧光显微镜的免疫荧光技术也敏感地发现了1.1 μm以下的Cry j 1和Cry j 2变应原颗粒的可见证据。同时，在1.1 μm以下的细颗粒中，Cry j1和/或Cry j2的浓度较高。提示空气中含有Cry j1和Cry j2的可吸入颗粒物在下呼吸道哮喘发病率增加中起关键作用。此外，由于Cry j 1（或Cry j 2）细颗粒释放后在大气中悬浮时间更长，因此与空气中花粉数峰值相比，观察到这些浓度峰值的日变化延迟。在长期的持续采样研究中，观察和确定空气中杉木花粉变应原颗粒的大小分布，阐明变应原颗粒的释放机制具有重要意义。少

The purpose of this study is to evaluate the adverse factors influencing by air pollutants and to aid biomedical research by investigating the deposition of air pollutants on Japanese cedar pollen between urban and mountainous areas. Suspended particulate matter and Japanese cedar perigonium pollen were collected to identify the deposition of air pollutants at Saitama urban area and a mountainous area, during the pollination season. Ionic and metallic components of these samples and perigonium and pollen were analyzed. We found that crustal components (Al, Fe and Ti) tended to deposit on perigonium pollen. The amount of ionic components of particles (NO_3^-, SO_4^<2-> and NH_4^+) and gaseous pollutants (NO_2, SO_2 and NH_3) deposited on the perigonium pollen were higher in the urban than in the mountainous areas, the fact of which was proven by determination of gaseous pollutants exposed to Japanese cedar pollen. It is suggested that these phenomena may affect pollinosis and therefore … More it is necessary to investigate implication on biomedical researches.In addition, morphological observation of Ubisch bodies exfoliated from pollen and ruptured pollens was performed and confirmed with a scanning electron microscope. Moreover, the existing evidences of visualized Cry j 1 and Cry j 2 allergen particles below 1.1 μm were also sensitively found by an immunofluorescence technique with a fluorescence microscope. Simultaneously, the high concentrations of Cry j 1 and/or Cry j 2 were determined in the fine particle sizes below 1.1 μm. It was suggested that airborne respirable particulate matters containing Cry j 1 and Cry j 2 play a key role in the increasing incidence of asthma in the lower respiratory tract. Furthermore, since Cry j 1 (or Cry j 2) fine particles were suspended in the atmosphere over a long time more after released, the daily variation delays in the peaks of these concentrations compared with the peaks of airborne pollen counts were observed. It is important to observe and determine the size distribution of airborne Japanese cedar pollen allergen particles in the long-term sampling research continually, and to elucidate the allergen particle release mechanisms. Less