Rural planning study on changing process of farmhouses by fixed point observation and sustainability of settlements environment in Hokkaido

本研究旨在把握十多年来北海道农舍变迁的新动向，厘清变迁的方向及其意义。此外，我们还明确了北海道特有的分散聚落环境的特点。方法是对农舍进行跟踪调查，我们在七个村庄--Chippubetsu、Tooma、Tan-no、Memanbetsu、Betsukai、Obihiroshittaisho、Shimizu--持续观察。具体而言，调查内容包括：(1)农舍的规划及其居住方式，(2)农舍如何利用，(3)沿途景观，(4)聚落和社区的空间结构。结论得出农舍的新变化和农舍和聚落环境的空间结构特征：(1)两户分开的年轻夫妇和老年人的农舍增加，(2)农活空间由内向外移动和设备的丰富，(3)农舍要素的增加和规模的扩大，(4)居住空间与农业空间的分离和景观的混乱；(5)社区和道路作为个体的具体生活表现，反对同质化和抽象的聚落网格格局划分；(6)社区和凯坎的特色空间单元--独特的社区机构；(7)社区机构的特色场地要素。从家庭生活的过度分离恢复到家庭生活的整合，以房屋元素的秩序控制景观，构建生活社区与产品社区的新型关系，论证了农舍的变化机制、农业生活方式和居住环境系统在未来应进行可持续发展的社会，并提出了农舍和聚落环境的形象。

This study aims to catch new trend on Hokkaido's farmhouses which have been changing since we researched ten and several years ago, and to clarify changing direction and its meaning. Moreover we clarify the characteristics of dispersed settlements environment peculiar to Hokkaido.The method is tracing survey for farmhouses, we have been observing continually, in seven villages -Chippubetsu, Toma, Tan-no, Memanbetsu, Betsukai, Obihiroshitaisho, Shimizu-. To be concrete, the survey are as follows: (1) farmhouses' plan and their way of living, (2) how to use the premises, (3) landscape along the way, (4) spatial structure of settlements and communities.Conclusions can be drawn new change of farmhouses and the characteristics of spatial structure on the premises and settlements environment as follow seven points: (1) increase of two households' farmhouses separated young couple and old one, (2) farmwork's space moving from inside to outside and enrichment of equipments, (3) increase of the premises' elements and expansion of their scale, (4) separation of living space and agricultural one and confusion of landscape, (5) community and roads as individual and concrete living representation against homogeneous and abstract division of grid pattern for settlements, (6) Chonaikai, characteristic spatial unit of community and Kaikan, unique community institutions, (7) characteristic sites' elements of community institutions. While the problems can be caught as follows: restoring from too much separation of family life to integration of it, controlling landscape by order of the premises' elements, constructing new relationship between life community and product one.Considering the circumstances mentioned above, we verified the changing mechanism of farmhouses and the way of agricultural life style and living environment system should be carried on sustainable society in future, and suggested image of farmhouses and settlements environment.