Sth/dual and trarisuiptionalchange ofrice genome inducedby transposon, mPing

螨虫通过引起基因组重排和改变单个基因的结构和调控在进化中发挥重要作用。非自主因子mPing是水稻（Oryza satires L.）中第一个被鉴定出的活性MITE。以往的研究表明，mPing在自然条件下在金伯祖中主动转座，并优先插入到单拷贝区域。自主Ping和Pong编码转座上mPing中继的转座。不同的水稻品种具有不同的乒乓拷贝数。本研究通过对金伯祖地区Ping基因拷贝数的分析，鉴定出一个新的转座子Pyong，属于Tc1/mariner超家族。在Nipponbare的1号染色体和12号染色体上分别鉴定出两个与Pyong高度同源的序列（>90%）。这表明最近“平壤”的位置发生了变化。此外，我们利用来自Nipponbare、Gimbozu和一个细长的颖片突变体IM294的cDNA进行转座子展示分析。结果，鉴定出11个mPing转录区。其中6个为转录区，5个为非转录区。本研究所用品种/品系在这些区域均表现出mPing插入多态性。mPing插入位点3'区转录物水平降低。这些结果表明，mPing的插入不仅改变了基因组结构，而且改变了邻近区域的表达。

MITEs play important roles in evolution by causing genome rearrangements and by altering the structure and regulation of individual genes. Non-autonomous element mPing is the first active MITE which is identified in rice (Oryza satires L.). Previous our researches showed that mPing is actively transposing in Gimbozu under natural conditions and preferentially inserted into single-copy regions. Transposition of mPing relay on transposases encoded by autonomous Ping and Pong. Rice cultivars have different copy number of Ping and Pong. In this study, we identified a novel transposon Pyong belong to Tc1/mariner super family through the analysis of copy number of Ping in Gimbozu. The blastn search identified two sequences sharing high homology with Pyong (>90%) on chromosome 1 and 12 of Nipponbare, respectively. This suggests the recent transposition of Pyong. Moreover, we carried out transposon display analysis using cDNA derived from Nipponbare, Gimbozu and a slender glume mutant IM294. As a result, 11 regions transcribed with mPing were identified. Among them, six and five regions were transcriptional and non-conding regions, respectively. Cultivars/strain used in this study showed mPing insertion polymorphism in these regions. Transcript level of mPing-inserted gene lowered at 3' region from mPing insertion site. These results indicate that mPing insertion alter not only genome structure but also the expression of adjacent regions.