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Analysis of gene expression and improvement by genetic engineerng for the functions of roots in higher plants

高等植物根部功能基因表达分析及基因工程改良

基本信息

批准号：
03304012
负责人：
TANISAKA Takatoshi
金额：
$ 10.18万
依托单位：
KYOTO UNIVERSITY
依托单位国家：
日本
项目类别：
Grant-in-Aid for Co-operative Research (A)
财政年份：
1991
资助国家：
日本
起止时间：
1991 至 1993
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://kaken.nii.ac.jp/grant/KAKENHI-PROJECT-03304012/
关键词：
root gene expression genetic engineering nutrient uptake stress torerance embrynic development mutation nitrate reductase 高等植物硝酸環元酵素 DNA

项目摘要

1. Establishment of criteria for evaluating root traits and analysis of gene expression : Various kinds of root trait and embryonic development mutants of rice were obtained. A new method helpful to separating roots from soil and a new image-analyzing method useful for measuring minute roots were developed. The growth angle of the roots of juvenile wheat plants proved to be a useful criterion for evaluating root distribution. The growth direction of root proved to be determined by the interaction between geotropism and oxgen-tropism. The location of some mutant genes causing short-rootness or abnormal embryonic development was determined. The potential to regenerate roots from barley callus seemed to be controlled. The potential to regenerate roots from barley callus seemed to be controlled by some gene(s) on chromosome 2 and 3. The short-rootness of a remarkably short root mutant of rice was attributable to the decrease of the number of cells due to the decreased activity of cell peroxidase activity. 2. Nutrient uptake and metabolism : The amounts of P taken up by uppland crops proved to be related with their root masses. Root specfic activity of P uptake was apparently detarmined by soil P and specific root traits in nutrient uptake. A lot of nitrate reductase-deficient mutants indispensable for the studies on nutrient uptake and metabolism were obtained. Approximately 5x100,000 recombinant clones from spinach genomic library were screened with spinach probe. 3. Stress toierance : Deep-seeding torerance of rice varied among ecotypes. Moisture torerance of barley proved to be apparently connected with the function of roots. Cold torerance of rice proved to be evaluated approximately by the cool treatment of roots. Salt torerance of rice proved to be dur to the decrease in the uptake speed of salt transferred from roots to upper organs through intrcellular space.

1.根系性状评价标准的建立和基因表达分析：获得了水稻根系性状和胚胎发育的各种突变体。提出了一种新的有利于根系与土壤分离的方法和一种新的用于测量微小根系的图像分析方法。根的生长角度是衡量根系分布的一个有用指标。根的生长方向是由向地性和向氧性相互作用决定的。对引起短根或胚胎发育异常的突变基因进行了定位。大麦愈伤组织再生根的潜力似乎受到控制。大麦愈伤组织再生根的能力可能受第2和第3染色体上的某些基因控制。水稻短根突变体的短根性是由于细胞过氧化物酶活性降低导致细胞数量减少所致。2.养分吸收和代谢：旱地作物吸收磷的量与其根量有关。根系吸磷比活性明显受土壤磷和根系养分吸收特性的影响。获得了大量的硝酸还原酶缺陷突变体，这些突变体是研究营养吸收和代谢所必需的。用菠菜探针从菠菜基因组文库中筛选了约5 × 100，000个重组克隆。3.耐逆性：不同生态类型水稻的耐深播性不同。大麦的耐旱性与根系的功能有明显的关系。水稻的耐冷性可用根冷处理来近似评价。水稻的耐盐性是由于根系通过细胞间隙向上部器官转运盐分的速度减慢所致。