Study on Community Development model Based on the Promotion of Social Capital

本研究旨在探讨社会资本（Social Capital， SC）概念下日本老龄化社会的社区发展模式。根据研究目的，我们对以下三个主题进行了研究；(1)农村居民生活质量与丘陵山区直接收入支付绩效、农村社区定居和老年人健康的关系；(2)社区发展对农村居民生活质量的促进作用；(3)编制衡量农村居民生活质量的量表。研究数据采用问卷调查和访谈的方法收集和歌山县、兵库县、新泻县的社区发展案例。测量SC的数据来自京都地区，另一个中国半岛老年人数据库由日本福岛大学AGES项目提供。我们对数据集进行了包括多层次分析和扎根理论在内的统计分析。结果的分析,我们发现以下事实,(1)有SC的情况之间的关系和上面的表现,(2)即使SC完全低如农村,在一个小区域的性能直接收入支付丘陵和山区高如果一些居民团体生活在该地区的高水平SC, (3) SC被提拔与外界交互通过社区发展活动,(4)高ISCI的有效性,已发展为SC的测量方法，得到了验证。这些结果表明，社区发展是促进老年人养老的有效措施，而且老年人养老对老年人和农村等老龄化社区都有积极的影响。此外，这些结果表明社区发展不仅是促进养老的有效措施，而且在考虑养老的情况下，对老龄化社会也有影响。

This research project aimed to develop the community development model for the aging society in Japan considering the concept of Social Capital (SC). In line with the purpose, we conducted researches about following three themes; (1) relationships between SC and performances of Direct Income Payment for Hilly and Mountainous Area, settlement in rural community and health of aged individuals, (2) promotion of SC through community developments, (3) development of a scale to measure SC. The data was collected by a questionnaire survey and an interview from the cases of community developments in Wakayama pref., and Hyogo pref., Niigata pref. In addition, the data for measuring SC was collected from Kyoto pref. and another database of aged individuals in Chita peninsula was provided by AGES Project of Nihon Fukushi University. We applied statistical analysis including Multi Level Analysis and Grounded Theory using the dataset. As results of those analyses, we found following facts, (1) there were the relationships between the situation of SC and the above performances, (2) even if SC was totally low in a small region such as a rural village, the performance of Direct Income Payment for Hilly and Mountainous Area was high if some resident's groups living in the region had high level SC, (3) SC was promoted by interacting with outsiders through community development activities, (4) the high validity of ISCI, which had been developed as the measurement of SC, was proved. Those results suggested that community development could be an effective measure to promote SC as well as that SC was having a positive effect on aged individuals and aging communities such as rural villages. Additionally, those results showed that community development was not only an effective measure for promoting SC, but also had affectivity for the aging society by considering SC.