A Study of the Emergence of Unitary Control of State Resources in 19th Century Myanmar

Konbaung时期后期引入的Thathameda税制试图建立对人力和物质资源的统一控制，方法是为Ahudan(占人口不超过50%的皇家服务团体)创建一个新的管理制度，建立一个基于王国土地及其生产力数据的土地收入制度。不幸的是，这个土地税收制度失败了，因为它无法收集有关土地和生产力的当地数据，这是纳税所必需的。由于缺乏年度收入，地方酋长没有参与官僚机构，紧张的国际局势使重组艾哈穆德系统变得不可能。然而，英国殖民政府为了实现缅甸的非军事化，废除了艾哈穆丹制度，建立了所谓公平征税的土地收入制度，从而实现了对国家资源的单一控制。《上缅乡村条例》动摇了缅甸农村社会的根基，早期的殖民政府也经历了各种困难，因为该条例忽视了当时农村社会的现实。《条例》及其副刊--《条例》及其副刊--《条例》包含了在敏登国王政府的领导下制定的政策，敏登国王引入了塔塔梅达税。他和他的继任者天保国王未能实现他们的行政目标，而殖民政府在1890年S之后能够改变当地的土著秩序。缅甸迈向民族国家的第一步是在贡邦晚期迈出的，殖民政府加快了这一步伐。

The introduction of the Thathameda tax system during the late Konbaung period was an attempt to establish unitary control over human and material resources by creating a new administrative system for the Ahmudan (royal service groups constituting not more than 50% of the population) with a land revenue system based on data relating to land in the kingdom and its productivity.Unfortunately, this land revenue system failed because it was not possible to gather the local data about land and productivity necessary to claim taxes. Because of the lack of annual revenue, local chieftains had not been involved in the bureaucracy, and the tense international situation made it impossible to reorganize the Ahmudan system. Therefore, Thathameda taxation proved incapable of providing unitary control over state resources.However, the British colonial government accomplished unitary control through the abolition of the Ahmudan system in order to demilitarize Myanmar, and by setting up a land revenue system with so-called impartial imposition of taxes under the new village system. The Upper Burma Village Regulation shook the foundations of rural society in Myanmar, and the early colonial administration experienced various difficulties because the Regulation ignored the realities of rural society at the time.The Regulation and its supplement, Rules for Regulating the Appointment of Headmen, contained policies shaped under the government of King Mindon, who had introduced the Thathameda tax. He and his successor, King Thibaw, were not able to achieve their administrative aims, while the colonial government was able to change the indigenous local order after the 1890's. The first steps toward a nation state in Myanmar were taken during the late Konbaung period and accelerated by the colonial government.