Income Disparity in China-A Case Stady based on Shenzhen Household Survey

本研究以中国最成功、最发达的城市--深圳为例，研究中国的收入不平等问题。该研究基于2006年3月在深圳市中国进行的2005年深圳家庭调查的第一手调查数据。它包含了1065户3252人的收入相关数据，反映了2005年的数据。本研究利用2006年在深圳进行的一组新的家庭调查数据来估计收入差距。主要研究结果如下：(1)基尼系数达到0.56，在城市中处于最高水平。(2)泰尔指数显示，城镇户籍(户口)和地区优惠政策是拉大深圳与非深圳家庭、城镇居民与外来人口收入差距的最大政策因素。(3)基于回归分解的收入不平等分析表明，劳动年龄成年人受教育程度的差异可以解释38%的收入不平等。研究结论是，城镇中国的收入分配状况正在恶化，成为一个严重的社会政治问题。要解决这一问题，有必要废除城市户籍制度等歧视政策，加大人力资本投资，为贫困人口特别是农村贫困人口提供平等的教育

This project studies the issue of income inequality in China with the case of Shenzhen, the most successful and developed city in China.The study is based on the first hand survey data, Shenzhen Household Survey 2005, conducted in March 2006 in Shenzhen city, China. It contains income related data of 1065 households and 3252 persons, reflecting the data of 2005.This study estimates income gap using a new data set of household survey conducted in Shenzhen in 2006. Our main findings are(1) The Gini coefficient gets to 0.56 and reaches the highest level in urban cities.(2) The Theil index shows that urban registration status (hukou)and regional preference policy are the largest policy factors enlarging income disparity between Shenzhen and non-Shenzhen household, urban household and migrant household.(3) Regression-based decomposition analysis of income inequality shows that educational differences of working age adults can explain 38% of total income inequality.The research concludes that income distribution in urban China is worsening and becoming a serious social and political problem. lb solve the problem, it is necessary to abolish the discrimination policies such as urban registration system, invest more in human capital and provide equal education to the poor especially the poor in rural area