The medical and scientific analysis for improving performance of elite swimmers ; A longitudinal study

本研究以15名日本优秀女子游泳运动员为研究对象，通过对运动员的生理和生物力学分析，探讨了影响运动成绩的主要因素，探讨了运动成绩变化与测量变量之间的关系，并确定了客观评价划水技术的推进效率（年龄：以最大摄氧量（VO2max）、最大血乳酸浓度（LAmax）和血乳酸开始时的游泳速度（V@OBLA）作为生理能力指标。并测定了阻力系数、阻力指数、阻力-游速关系、最大推进功率（MPP）、推进效率（ep）等生物力学指标。所有生物力学a ...更多信息 当游泳成绩与所有测量变量相关时，短距离成绩与MPP、LAmax和较好的身体素质显著相关，距离成绩与V@OBLA和减少阻力的专项划水技术显著相关，而VO_2max无显著相关。此外，当游泳成绩的变化与测量变量的变化相关时，只有最大游泳阻力的减少与游泳成绩的改善显著相关。说明优秀游泳运动员划水技术的提高是其游泳成绩提高的重要原因。此外，本研究中使用的受试者的ep为73.2 ± 8.3%，高于既往研究中报告的值。总之，本研究揭示出上级划水技术以减少阻力及具有较高的ep应被视为优秀游泳运动员更佳表现的更重要决定因素。少

A longitudinal study used elite swimmers was performed 1) to clarify the determinants of swimming performance in each distance event based on the physiological and biomechanical analysis, 2) to examine the relationship between the changes in measured variables and the changes in performance, and 3) to determine the propelling efficiency which can evaluate stroke technique objectively.The subjects were fifteen elite Japanese female swimmers (age : 21±1 yrs) who belonged to an inter-college champion team, including the participants to Olympic, Asian Games, Universiade, and so on. Maximal oxygen uptake (VO_2max), maximal blood lactate concentration (LAmax), and swimming speed at onset of blood lactate accumulation (V@OBLA) were measured as indices of physiological capacity. Also a drag coefficient, a drag exponent, drag-swimming speed relationship and maximal propulsive power (MPP), propelling efficiency (ep) were determined as indices of biomechanical characteristics. All biomechanical a … More nalysis were completed with a modified MAD system which is similar to that described by Toussaint.When swimming performance was related to all measured variables, significant correlations were observed between sprint performance and MPP, LAmax and a better physique, and between distance performance and V@OBLA and specific stroke technique to reduce drag, while no significant relationship was found on VO_2max. Also, when changes in swimming performance was related to changes in measured variables, only the reduction of drag in maximal swimming was significantly related to the improvement of swimming performance. This finding suggests that the development of swimming performance in elite swimmer would be strongly attributed to the improving stroke technique. Furthermore, ep of the subjects used in this study was 73.2±8.3%, which was rather higher than those reported in the previous studies. In conclusion, it revealed that superior stroke technique to reduce drag and with a higher ep should be considered more significant determinants of better performance in elite swimmers. Less