Research on the Contents of Experiment and Practice in Industrial Education at Upper Secondary School and the Educational Effects

本研究的第一个目的是掌握日本高中工业教育中工业科目的内容，尤其是实验和实践。我们调查了正常的实习内容，即实验和实习的科目(主题)、课时和教学体系。调查显示：(1)实验实践课学分减少，工业教育多样化；(2)生产量增加，理论验证减少；(3)专题学习扎根，信息技术学科拓展；(4)总体而言，上一次政府课程指南的修订导致工业教育的内容在数量和质量上都有所减少，工业教育的衰退已经成为一个令人严重关注的问题。第二，我们研究的目的是概括印度河…的必要条件通过对中专毕业生的跟踪调查，更多地开展技工类专业的试点教育，评价其效果，找出存在的问题。我们采访了24名毕业生，其中9人毕业于机械专业，3人毕业于电气专业，4人毕业于电子专业，4人毕业于工业化学，4人毕业于建筑学。它们各有不同，可能很难形成对它们的统一看法。然而，我们的调查显示，高中工业教育在以下几点上具有鲜明的属性：(1)从15岁到18岁的基于实践经验的技术教育对生活有一些显著的影响。(2)尤其是用工具处理材料是进行理论学习的重要背景。(3)通过实验验证的理论学习基础非常重要，高中时代非常适合这样做。(4)可以获得安排总体制造的能力。(5)可以获得对事物的积极态度。根据这些结果，我们将考虑即将到来的具有高技术专业的技工高中的课程因素。较少

The first purpose of our research is to grasp the contents of industrial subjects, especially experiment and practice, in industrial education at upper secondary school in Japan. We surveyed the normal contents of practice, namely subjects (themes)of experiment and practice, the number of their periods and their teaching system. The main facts our survey shows are as follows:(1) The number of credits of the subjects of experiment and practice has been reduced, and industrial education has diversified.(2) Production has increased, while verification of theory has decreased.(3) Project study is taking root, and subjects of information technology have been expanded.(4) Generally, the last revision of the government course guidelines has resulted in reducing the contents of industrial education both in quantity and in quality, therefore the decline in industrial education has become a matter of serious concern.The second purpose of our research is to generalize necessary condition of indus … More trial education with highly technical specialty, evaluate its effect, and find out the problems, through a follow-up survey by interviewing the graduates from technical high school. We have interviewed 24 graduates ; 9 of them graduated from course of machine, 3 from electricity, 4 from electronics, 4 from industrial chemistry, and 4 from architecture. They have such variation individually that it could be difficult to form a unified view about them. Nevertheless our survey shows the distinctive attributes of industrial education in high school in following points :(1) Technical education on the basis of practical experience from age 15 to age 18 has some significant effects for life.(2) Especially, handling material by means of tools make a important background to theoretical study.(3) Learning bases of theories with verification by experiments is very important and high school days are really suitable for this.(4) Ability to make arrangements for total manufacturing can be obtained.(5) A positive attitude toward things can be acquired. Being on these results, we will consider factors of curriculum for the coming technical high school with highly technical specialty. Less