Learning support system for Kanji-writing of children with LDs based on measuring activity of prefrontal area by NIRS

有研究表明，学习障碍儿童在工作记忆方面表现出较弱的表现，导致对单词的阅读能力差，对字母的认知功能障碍。由此推测，记忆力低下可能导致书写障碍。我们通过记录NIBs来测量前额叶区域的功能活动。本研究的目的是：(1)测量学习障碍儿童前额叶活动的正常发育标准；(2)研究学习障碍儿童前额区活动的特点；(3)评价学习障碍儿童汉字书写训练后工作记忆的变化过程；(4)发展学习障碍儿童汉字书写学习支持系统。我们还通过号码回忆任务，制定了近红外光谱数据开发的正常标准。对学习迟缓儿童的书写和视觉运动记忆特征进行了研究，发现部分儿童在视觉运动记忆方面表现出特殊的弱化。2006年，我们开发了用于支持的工作记忆任务，并考察了其在促进学习障碍儿童记忆方面的作用。受试者是8名患有腰椎病的儿童。作为支持任务，我们制作了一项颜色刺激任务、一项语义刺激任务和一项口语任务。在支持任务中记录LDS儿童额叶前区的NIRS活动，并观察到一过性的额叶NIRS活动增加。2007年，我们开发了基于颜色刺激、语义刺激和口语的汉字书写学习支持系统。我们通过检测LDS儿童前额叶区活动的增加，证实了该支持系统的有效性。

It has been indicated that children with Learning Disorder showed weakness in working memory which results in poor reading of words and malfunction of cognition of letters. Thus it is inferred that weakness of memory might cause writing disorders. We have measured functional activity of prefrontal-lobe area through recording NIBS. The aims of present study were as follows: (1) Measuring normal standards of development of activity of prefrontal area, (2) Studying properties of activity of prefrontal area of children with LDs, (3) Evaluation of changing process of working memory induced by training Kanji-writing in children with LDs and (4) Developing learning support system of Kanji-writing of Children with LDs.In 2005, we have made tasks for measuring working memory, namely task of number recall, task of memory of numeral letters, task of memory of visual movement. We have also made normal standard of development of NIRS data by the task of number recall. Properties of writing and memory of visual movement were studied in children with LDs and some children who showed specific weakness in memory of visual movement were found. In 2006, we have developed the task of working memory for support and examined its usefulness in facilitation of memory of children with LDs. Subjects were eight children with LDs. As a support task, we have made a task with color stimuli, a task with semantic stimuli, and a task with spoken words. NIRS activities of prefrontal-lobe area of children with LDs were recorded during the support task and transient increase of NIRS activities of prefrontal-lobe area was observed. In 2007, we have developed the learning support system for Kanji-writing with support of color stimuli, semantic stimuli and spoken words. We have confirmed effectiveness of the support system through examining increase of activities of prefrontal-lobe area of children with LDs.