HISTORICALSTUDY OF THE DIFFUSION OFFRENCH IN SENEGAL

这项研究旨在通过研究法国殖民政策及其教育政策的历史，并通过采访塞内加尔不同世代和社会阶层的个人，调查为什么法语作为该国唯一的官方语言，即使在今天在塞内加尔的传播也非常有限。通过本项目所获得的结果总结如下：1。在殖民时期，法国政府虽然实行著名的“同化主义”殖民政策，但并没有打算将法语传播到整个殖民地。即使在授予所有居民法国国籍的“四个公社”，也只有一小部分人懂法语。1960年独立后，法语的传播并没有被新政府领导人视为国家建设的必要条件。因此，法语教育并没有像预期的那样普及，20世纪70年代以后，法语教育明显停滞不前。即使是那些上过法语学校的人，在很多情况下，法语的知识仍然非常有限。这项研究表明，法国的“同化主义”殖民政策和独立政府的“亲法”政策都没有成功地在塞内加尔传播法语，而是通过语言障碍将人口分为两组：讲法语的精英和其他人口。

This study intended to investigate why the diffusion of French, the only official language of the country, is very limited in Senegal even today by studying the history of the French colonial policy and of its educational policy, and by interviewing Senegalese individuals of various generations and social classes.The results obtained through this project are summarized as follows:1. In the colonial period, the French administration had no intention of diffusing French to the whole colony despite its famous "assimilationist" colonial policy. Even in the, "four communes" where the French citizenship was, granted to all the population, French was understood only by a small fraction of the population.2. After, independence, in 1960 also, the diffusion of French was not considered by the new government leaders as a crucial necessity for the nation building. Consequently, the education in French did not spread as it was expected, and after the 1970's, it stagnated visibly. And even for those who went to French schools, in many cases, the knowledge of French remained very limited.This study demonstrated the fact that, neither the French "assimilationist" colonial policy nor the "pro-France" policy of the independent government did not succeed in diffusing French in Senegal, and that, they rather divided the population by the language barrier into two groups : French speaking elite and the rest of the population.