Making the market moral? Understanding the "social and solidarity economy" in "emerging" Senegal

让市场道德化？

• 批准号: 2632451
• 金额: --
• 依托单位: London School of Economics and Political Science
• 依托单位国家: 英国
• 项目类别: Studentship
• 财政年份: 2021
• 资助国家: 英国
• 起止时间: 2021 至 无数据
• 项目状态: 未结题
• 来源: https://gtr.ukri.org/projects?ref=studentship-2632451
• 关键词: Making; market; moral; Understanding; social

Post-2008 economic anthropology has made imaginative use of Polanyian concepts to explore the moral dimension of economic life. Developing a stronger account of the relationship between localised forms of economic "embeddedness" and those taking shape at macro-level remains crucial, both for anthropology and for broader social scientific enquiry into competing models and conceptions of an "inclusive economy". The West African country of Senegal offers an appropriate case through which to explore this challenge. While infrastructure investment and sectoral liberalisation through the Plan Senegal Emergent (PSE) have stimulated growth, poverty and unemployment remain high. However, the PSE also contains initiatives suggesting a more heterodox approach to economic development, notably the "Social and Solidarity Economy" (SSE): a range of actions promoting the development of cooperatives, mutuals, and the "formalisation" of small "informal" businesses. Recalling Polanyi's famous "double movement", the SSE is seen by its local advocates as providing an alternative to neoliberalism and recovering distinctively Senegalese values of solidarity. This picture may be too simplistic. Cooperatives are not new in Senegal; the mass-formation of agricultural cooperatives in the immediate post-independence period was marred by corruption and peasant exploitation. The substantial (sometimes predominant) female membership of many contemporary Senegalese cooperatives demands critical attention to the SSE's implications for gendered inequalities. Equally, as a rich literature attests, much Senegalese small business activity is already unmistakably "embedded" in social relations, often organised by ties of kinship or religious association. This study will approach the SSE ethnographically, to explore how it might be understood not simply in terms of "double movement", but also in terms of the articulation of different "human economies" - or of diverse attempts to make the market moral. Participant observation among the petty entrepreneurs and cooperative members at the receiving end of these schemes will examine how the state-led SSE, as an attempt at economic "re-embedding" pursued at a national level, interacts with the various locally-embedded economic practices and life projects in which they are already engaged. Fieldwork will not only focus on specific moments of "intervention", such as business support activities, but will also engage more broadly with the daily lives and life worlds of participating entrepreneurs and cooperative members. As well as addressing anthropological problems, the study will thus speak to wider questions about the limits of institutional "convergence" as policy goal, and the possibility of alternative models of development which are more faithful to local "values" and imaginaries.

2008年后的经济人类学富有想象力地运用了波兰尼式的概念来探索经济生活的道德维度。对于人类学和对“包容性经济”的竞争模式和概念进行更广泛的社会科学探究来说，对经济“嵌入”的地方形式与宏观层面上正在形成的经济“嵌入”形式之间的关系进行更强有力的解释仍然至关重要。西非国家塞内加尔提供了一个适当的案例来探索这一挑战。尽管塞内加尔新兴计划（PSE）的基础设施投资和部门自由化刺激了经济增长，但贫困和失业率仍然很高。然而，PSE 还包含建议采取更为非正统的经济发展方式的倡议，特别是“社会和团结经济”（SSE）：一系列促进合作社、互助社和小型“非正规”企业“正规化”发展的行动。回顾波兰尼著名的“双重运动”，SSE 被当地的支持者视为新自由主义的替代方案，并恢复了塞内加尔独特的团结价值观。这张图可能太简单了。合作社在塞内加尔并不新鲜。独立后不久大规模成立的农业合作社因腐败和农民剥削而受到损害。许多当代塞内加尔合作社的大量（有时是主要）女性成员要求对 SSE 对性别不平等的影响给予高度关注。同样，正如丰富的文献所证明的那样，塞内加尔的许多小企业活动已经毫无疑问地“嵌入”社会关系中，通常是通过亲属关系或宗教协会来组织的。本研究将从人种学的角度来探讨上交所，探讨如何不仅从“双重运动”的角度来理解它，而且还从不同的“人类经济”的表述或使市场道德化的各种尝试的角度来理解它。作为这些计划接收端的小企业主和合作社成员的参与观察，将考察国家主导的上交所作为国家层面经济“重新嵌入”的尝试，如何与他们已经参与的各种嵌入当地的经济实践和生活项目相互作用。实地考察将不仅关注“干预”的具体时刻，例如商业支持活动，还将更广泛地接触参与的企业家和合作社成员的日常生活和生活世界。因此，除了解决人类学问题外，该研究还将探讨更广泛的问题，即制度“趋同”作为政策目标的局限性，以及更忠实于当地“价值观”和想象的替代发展模式的可能性。