A Study on the Pitch Accent of Early Modern Kyoto Japanese Based on the Musical Scores of Heike Mabushi

本研究以《平家真武志》中的两种调型-工度调和白子调为研究对象，试图重构近代中期京都日本人的音高重音系统。主要发现之一是，汉日词和由日语本族语语素构成的复合名词在词重音上保留了传统的特点。汉日词的重音可以用汉语词素的声调来解释，特别是在Go'on词的情况下。另一方面，带有本族词素的复合名词则倾向于显示平安时代或镰仓时代的重音模式，或者它们的规则派生模式。我们应该谨慎地认为，这些特征是近代中期京都日语重音系统实际状态的反映，观察到的模式可能是由于平安史诗乐谱的保守性。然而，仍然值得注意的是，以下倾向是在海克马布希承认。(i)2-莫拉汉字词的重音模式反映了汉语词素的声调，或它们的规则派生模式。(ii)3-莫拉汉日双字词如果具有{1+2}形态结构，则具有HLL模式;而具有{2+1}形态结构的汉日双字词除了具有HLL模式外，还具有LHL模式，即第一个成分带有去声。(iii)在具有{2+2}形态结构的4-莫拉汉日词中，Go'on词形的重音忠实地反映了汉语原语素的声调。(iv)大部分具有原生语素和{2+2}或{2+3/3+3}形态结构的复合词保留了平安时代和镰仓时代观察到的重音模式，或其规则的派生模式。

The present study tries to reconstruct the pitch accent system of the Kyoto Japanese of the middle Early-Modern Era, based on examination of the two types of melodies-Kudoki and Shirakoe-in Heike Mabushi . One of the main findings is that Sino-Japanese words and the compound nouns made of native Japanese morphemes retain traditional characteristics in their word accent. The accentuation of Sino-Japanese words can be explained in relation to the tone of the original Chinese morpheme, especially in the case of Go'on word forms. Compound nouns with native morphemes, on the other hand, tend to show the accent patterns of the Heian or Kamakura Eras, or their regular derived patterns.One should be cautious in thinking that these features are the reflex of the actual state of the accent system of Kyoto Japanese in the middle Early-Modern Era ; the observed patterns may be due to the conservativeness of the Heikyoku epic musical scores. However, it is still worth noting that the following tendencies are recognized in Heike Mabushi .(i) 2-mora Sino-Japanese words written as a single Chinese character are observed to have accent patterns reflecting the tone of the original Chinese morpheme, or their regular derived patterns.(ii) 3-mora Sino-Japanese words written as two Chinese characters are observed to have a HLL pattern if they have{1+2} morphological structure, while the words with {2+1} structure have a LHL pattern in which the first component bears Qu-tone, in addition to the default HLL pattern.(iii) As for 4-mora Sino-Japanese words with{2+2} morphological structure, Go'on word forms bear accentuations that reflect the tone of the original Chinese morpheme faithfully.(iv) Most of the compounds with native morphemes and {2+2} or{2+3/3+3} morphological structures retain the accent patterns observed in the Heian and Kamakura Eras, or their regular derived patterns.