Anthropological and Historical Study of Cultural Administration and Cultural Heritage in Myanmar

本研究项目试图对缅甸（缅甸）的文化管理和文化遗产进行人类学和历史分析。缅甸（Myanmar）在1948年独立之前经历了英国的殖民时期，此后一直保持着多民族的民族国家。1952年3月，在这种民族多样性的背景下，成立了“联合文化部”。1972年3月15日，“文化部”一词更名为“文化部”，现由以下部门组成：(1)文化部长办公室，(2)美术司，(3)考古司，(4)文化研究所司，(5)历史研究司。特别是文化系在民族学研究方面处于领先地位。文化部的方针是“热爱国家、珍惜人民，以自己的优良传统为荣，保护、展示和宣传更多的民族文化遗产。”因此，文化部集中力量推进“民族文化”的建设或重建，以缅族文化为主体的民族文化保护政策处于中心位置。在这样的政治条件下，吴敏宁（1925-2004）作为一位杰出的研究者，发表了许多值得引用的民族学研究著作。因此，本研究项目的最终报告不仅包括对中国民族学研究的分析，还包括对吴敏楠著作的收集。一方面，在政府的领导下，通过几乎等同于缅族文化的民族文化保护活动，缅甸化（myanmarization）将越来越多地得到促进。另一方面，少数民族必须自己承担保护文化遗产的责任。从现在开始，每一个计划在缅甸进行研究的民族学家都必须考虑到政府和少数民族的文化动态。少

This research project is an attempt to present an anthropological and historical analysis of cultural administration and cultural heritage in Burma (Myanmar). Burma (Myanmar) experienced British colonial period before the Independence in 1948, since then continues to maintain a multi-ethnic nation state."The Ministry of Union Cultures" was established on March 1952 under such an ethnic diversity. On 15 March 1972, the term The Ministry of Cultures was given its new name The Ministry of Culture comprising of the following departments now: (1) The Office of the Minister for Culture, (2) Department of Fine Arts, (3) Department of Archaeology, (4) Department of Cultural Institute, (5) Department of Historical Research. Especially the Department of Cultural Institute takes a leadership for ethnological research.The Policy of the Ministry of Culture is "to love and cherish the country and the people by taking pride on own good traditions as well as by preserving, exposing and propagating Mya … More nmar Cultural Heritage." Therefore the Ministry of Culture concentrated to promote construction or reconstruction of "National Culture" and Bamar culture as majority is at the center of the national culture conservation policy. Under such a political condition, U Min Naing, B.A. (1925-2004) as an outstanding researcher produced so many works of ethnological studies that deserve citation. So the final report of this research project is composed of not only analyzing ethnological studies there but also collection the works of U Min Naing.On one hand, Burmanization (Myanmarnization) will be promoted more and more under the leadership of government through activities for preservation of National Culture that is almost equal to Bamar one. On the other hand, ethnic minorities have to take the responsibility for preservation of their cultural heritage by themselves. Every Ethnologist who plans to research in Burma (Myanmar) must take cultural dynamics by both the government and ethnic minorities into consideration from now on, too. Less