The Rise and Growth of Classical Monetary Economics in Britain, c.1750-1870

本研究追溯了自1750年以来发展起来的古典货币理论的兴起，其中一个是与休谟的货币数量理论的对抗，另一个是与约翰·劳以来的实物票据学说的反对。亚当·斯密在可兑换性的基础上建立了古典货币理论的基础。尽管他的理论经常与真实票据理论相混淆，但这一理论的真正主角是j·斯图尔特爵士。他们的理论差异体现在1765年法案的制定或英格兰银行的思维方式上。这是这项研究的第一个结果。大卫·李嘉图首先将古典货币理论完全系统化。他的理论和政策是以可兑换性为基础，灵活地将规则和自由裁量权结合在一起（他几乎是货币思想史上第一个引入公开市场操作系统的人），可以说，他建立国家银行的计划确实是现代意义上的“中央银行”设计。本研究以史密斯和李嘉图的理论为中心，从1797年至1801年的博伊德-巴林之争开始，直至20世纪前半个世纪，博伊德-巴林之争成为“布伦主义之争的起源”，也许本研究涉及整个博伊德-巴林之争。此外，我考察了托马斯·罗伯特·马尔萨斯的货币思想，他是古典经济学家的代表之一，被j.m.凯恩斯称为“第一个剑桥学派经济学家”和“货币经济学家”。我还研究了他的影响一直延续到二十世纪。

This Study has traces the rise of Classical Monetary Theory which had developed since c.1750 through the confrontation with the quantity theory of money by D.Hume in one, opposition with the real bills doctrine since John Law in the other. Adam Smith built the basics of the classical monetary theory based on convertibility. Though his theory has been often confused with the real bills doctrine, the true protagonist of this theory is Sir J.Steuart. Their theoretical difference emerged in their policy making over the enactment of the 1765 Act or the way of thinking of the Bank of England. This is the first result of this study. The classical monetary theory was first fully systematized by David Ricardo. His theory and policy were of the kind that put a rule and discretion together flexibly (He was almost the first to introduce the system of the open market operation in the history of monetary thought) based on convertibility, and it may be said that, indeed, his plan of establishing a national bank was the "central bank" design in the modern sense of the word. Centering around the theories of Smith and Ricardo, perhaps this study treats with the whole of the Boyd -Baring Controversy, from its beginning 1797-1801 when their debates was to become the "origin of the Bullionist Controversy," to its aftermath which reached well to the first half a century in the 20th century. Furthermore, Iexamined the monetary thought of Thomas Robert Malthus who was one of the representatives of classical economists, and who was called both a first Cambridge School economist and a monetary economist" by J.M.Keynes. I also investigate his influence reaching well into the twentieth century.