Comparative Sociological Study on Higher Education and Research System

从历史发展的角度，对法国、日本和美国的当代高等教育进行比较研究，深化整体分析。我们还在日本和国外进行了必要的实地研究。近年来，各国高等教育和科研体制普遍追求的是开放政策(扩大招生规模、扩大生源规模)和追求卓越(成为能够取得国际公认研究成果的国际一流研究机构)的矛盾方向。在法国和日本，我们可以找到一个共同的方向，如权力集中在大学校长手中，外部人士参与大学运营，以及高等教育评估重要性的上升。在确认这种普遍流动的同时，我们也必须反思高等教育和研究的本质意义。通过这项研究，我们可以把握这一观点的重要性，从而明确近年来的趋势，并对高等教育和研究体系提出一些基本的想法。在研究期间，我们的研究成果通过书籍、文章和学术会议报告等形式发表和展示，其中《知识分子的诞生》(Christoph Charle Work，Yoshihiko Shiratori翻译，Fujiwara Shoten，2006)和Shiratori主编的《神户大学社会学评论》第25期(2008年)出版的《高等教育改革问题》，通过对法国、英国和日本的高等教育和研究体系等进行国际比较研究，是我们研究的重要成果。

An overall analysis was being deepened aiming at doing a comparative study on the contemporary higher education of France, Japan and United States, with a point of view based on historical development in each countries. we have also carried out necessary field researches in Japan and in abroad. Recent days' higher education and research system in each country are universally pursuing to correspond contradictory directions as open-door-to-all policy (rise of the number of students and expansion of student layer)and pursuit of excellence (becoming an internationally excellent research institute which can accomplish internationally recognized research achievement). We can find a common direction in France and in Japan, such as concentration of power in the hands of university president, participation of outside persons in university operation, and rise of the importance of evaluation in higher education. With confirming such universal flow, we also have to reflect the essential meaning of the higher education and the research. We could grasp the importance of the point of view which makes the trend of the recent years clear as well as is asking those essential ideas concerning the higher education and the research system through this research. Our research achievement was published and presented by books, articles and academic meeting presentations, etc. during study duration concerned, and we can mention the publications of "Naissance of "intellectuals" 1880-1900" (Christoph Charle work, Yoshihiko Shiratori translation, Fujiwara Shoten, 2006) and of Sociological Review of Kobe University, No.25 (2008), edited by Shiratori, which features "Questions on Higher Education Reform" through international comparative research on the higher education and the research system in France, United Kingdom and Japan, etc. as important outcome in particular of our research.