Excellence in Research: System Oriented Research and Environmental Impact of Poultry Litter Conversion Process into Biochar

卓越的研究：家禽垫料转化为生物炭过程的系统导向研究和环境影响

• 批准号: 2200616
• 负责人: Seong Lee
• 金额: $ 50万
• 依托单位: Morgan State University
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2022
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2022-07-01 至 2025-06-30
• 项目状态: 未结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=2200616&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Excellence; Research; System; Oriented; Environmental

Excessive land application of poultry waste (called litter) has been linked to eutrophication, pathogen contamination, fish death, and other negative effects on human and animal health. Increases in poultry production in the Delmarva Peninsula underscore the need for more efficient, cost-effective, and sustainable disposal technologies for poultry litter. Pyrolysis of poultry litter has promise to produce nutrient-rich biochar while killing off any microorganisms that would otherwise trigger negative environmental health effects. Production yield, quality, and structure of biochar from pyrolysis depend on physicochemical properties (e.g., moisture content, particle size) and varying pyrolysis conditions (e.g., temperature, heating rate, residence time, pressure, catalyst). This study will develop an innovative evaluation method for studying the effects of poultry litter properties and pyrolysis conditions on biochar properties and yield. Researchers will measure biophysical system responses and impact of applying prepared poultry litter-based biochar. They will perform a life-cycle assessment (LCA) with techno-economic analysis of biochar production from poultry litter and its core applications.The project will contribute to the development of a comprehensive evaluation method for the physicochemical properties of biomass fuels (e.g., poultry litter) and benefits of biochar on soil properties and plant growth. In addition, an improved life cycle analysis (LCA) will help to effectively evaluate the environmental, economic, and social attributes of the pyrolysis process for converting poultry litter waste into poultry litter biochar. This project will facilitate interdisciplinary collaboration between Morgan State University's Departments of Industrial and Systems Engineering, Civil and Environmental Engineering, and Chemistry so that each department can utilize state-of-the-art instrumentation needed for undertaking novel research applications of poultry litter pyrolysis technology. The project will introduce new tools, instrumentation, methods, and processes to minority students to facilitate diverse and interdisciplinary collaborations. The project will also build a new systematic process for understanding the production, applications, and benefits of biochar. This study will assist regional poultry farmers (i.e., about 2,000 farms in Maryland) in selecting cost-effective bedding materials and optimizing pyrolysis conditions for converting poultry litter into high-quality poultry litter biochar.This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.

过度使用家禽粪便(称为垃圾)与富营养化、病原体污染、鱼类死亡和其他对人类和动物健康的负面影响有关。德尔马瓦半岛家禽产量的增加突显了对家禽粪便采用更有效、更具成本效益和更可持续的处理技术的必要性。家禽粪便的热解有望产生营养丰富的生物炭，同时杀死任何可能引发负面环境健康影响的微生物。来自热解的生物炭的产量、质量和结构取决于物理化学性质(例如，水分含量、颗粒大小)和不同的热解条件(例如，温度、升温速度、停留时间、压力、催化剂)。本研究将开发一种创新的评价方法，用于研究家禽下脚料特性和热解条件对生物炭特性和产量的影响。研究人员将测量生物物理系统的反应和应用准备好的家禽粪便生物炭的影响。他们将对家禽粪便生产生物炭及其核心应用进行生命周期评估(LCA)和技术经济分析。该项目将有助于开发一种全面评估生物质燃料(例如家禽粪便)的物理化学性质以及生物炭对土壤特性和植物生长的益处的方法。此外，改进的生命周期分析(LCA)将有助于有效地评估将家禽粪便转化为家禽粪便生物炭的热解过程的环境、经济和社会属性。该项目将促进摩根州立大学工业与系统工程系、土木与环境工程系和化学系之间的跨学科合作，以便每个系都可以利用所需的最先进的仪器来承担家禽粪便热解技术的新研究应用。该项目将向少数族裔学生介绍新的工具、仪器、方法和过程，以促进不同和跨学科的合作。该项目还将建立一个新的系统流程，以了解生物炭的生产、应用和好处。这项研究将帮助地区家禽养殖户(即马里兰州约2,000个农场)选择经济高效的铺垫材料和优化热解条件，将家禽粪便转化为高质量的家禽粪便生物碳。该奖项反映了NSF的法定使命，并通过使用基金会的智力优势和更广泛的影响审查标准进行评估，被认为值得支持。