The Imported University-Industry Technology Transfer Scheme from the U.S. and its Adjustment to Japanese Universities

美国校企技术转移模式的主要特点是放宽知识产权法规和校企技术转移中介组织。20世纪90年代，日本政府鼓励采用美国模式的政策强调专利形式的unitt，但没有必要重视有关专有技术的知识转移或人员之间的互动，尽管美国改革的主要问题是通过联络活动振兴信息交流。很明显，积极应用UITT政策的大型大学强调专利管理，而小型大学则优先考虑与地区产业的互动。对美国模式的适应态度的差异受财政状况、研究机构的规模、过去的UITT经验水平以及区域产业的技术能力的影响。换句话说，人们可以认为这是每所大学为应对影响它们的各种条件而采取的不同策略的结果。在加拿大，小型大学和大型大学之间的差异甚至更加明显，与大型大学相比，大型大学是众多大学创办企业的诞生地，而小型大学在提高教师意识和与地区产业互动方面表现出更强烈、更独特的兴趣。被指定的领导人长期保留着在指导内部制度设计方面极具影响力的权力，这一事实进一步揭示了战略差异。本研究的特色在于从战略管理的角度关注大学技术转移单位的发展。因此，各机构在各自的组织结构和unitt的方法方面存在很大的差异。少

Mitigation of regulations concerning intellectual property and intermediary organizations for university-industry technology transfer (UITT) are the primary features of the American model of UITT. The policies of the Japanese government that encouraged the adaptation of the American model in the 1990's emphasized UITT in the form of patents but did not necessary place importance on the transfer of knowledge concerning know-how or on inter-personnel interaction, in spite of the fact that the principal issue concerning reform in America was the revitalization of information exchange via liaison activities.It has become clear that it was the large universities that actively applied UITT policy that emphasized patent management, whereas the small universities prioritized interaction with regional industries. The differences in attitudes toward the adaptation of the American model are influenced by financial status, size of the research organization, level of past experience with UITT, and … More the technological capabilities of regional industries. In other words, one may consider this the result of the diverse strategies adopted by each university in response to the various conditions that affected them.The differences between small and large universities was even more distinct in Canada, where, in contrast to the large universities which exist as the birthplaces of a multiplicity of university-originated ventures, small universities demonstrated a much stronger and more exclusive interest in enhancing the consciousness of their faculty and interacting with regional industries. The fact that designated leaders had long retained powers that were highly influential in directing the design of internal systems sheds further light on strategic differences.This research is distinguished by its focus on the development of university technology transfer units from a strategic management perspective. For this reason, a great diversity is recognized between institutions as regards their respective organizational structures and methods of UITT. Less