Governance and Finance in Chinese Universities-Emerging Chinese Model-

世纪之交以来，中国高等教育经历了巨大的增长和扩张，基本上依靠学费收入和私人资金来源，但仍处于国家的强力控制之下。本研究试图通过研究来揭示高校财务结构的变化。对重要的政府政策声明文本的分析和对几所知名大学官员的采访。调查结果可以概括为：为了应对经济和社会快速发展带来的挑战，中国国立大学形成了独特的治理和财务结构。即使它们在法律意义上是“全国性的”，这种扩张在很大程度上依赖于通过市场活动增加的学费收入和其他收入。这种结构为教职员工创造了一套强有力的激励机制。各部门还受到其教育服务销售收入的推动。另一方面，大学的治理仍然处于国家政府的强有力控制之下，这种结构包含着严重的矛盾。学者和机构的一些行为因其行为背叛了学术界的形象而受到社会批评。在这些批评的压力下，中央政府最近发布了几份政策声明，明确表示政府不会允许过度行为。然而，鉴于最近的发展完全是由市场力量推动的，这样的声明实际上会导致重大变化仍是一个悬而未决的问题。从这个意义上说，中国高等教育正在发展一种治理结构，而财务在国际比较中是一种独特的模式。

Since the turn of the century, Chinese higher education experienced a tremendous growth and expansion basically depending on tuition revenues and private sources of funding, while still under the strong control by the national Control. This study tried to reveal the changes in financial structure of higher education institutions, through. analyses of the texts of significant government policy statement and interviews with officials in a few prominent universities.Findings from the survey can be summarized as below: Chinese national universities have developed a unique structure of governance and finance in order to respond to the challenges created by the rapid economic and social development. Even through they are “national" in the legal sense, the expansion was critically dependent on the increase in tuition revenues and other incomes through market activities. This structure created a set of strong incentive systems for the faculty members. Departments are also driven by the revenues from their sales in educational services. On the other hand, the governance of the universities remain under the strong control of the national government.This structure involves serious contradictions. Some of the behaviors of the academics and the institutions have been the subject of social criticisms for their behavior betraying the image of academia. Pressed by those criticisms, the national government has recently issued a few policy statement making it clear that the government would not allow excesses. Nevertheless, to the extent that the recent development has been driven by the sheer force of market, it remains an open question that such statements would in fact lead to significant changes. In these sense, Chinese higher education is developing a structure of governance and finance with is a unique model in international comparison.