Research on role of the kiwari-systems in Japanese historical architecture

本报告介绍了16世纪（室町时代的最后阶段）至19世纪（江户时代的最后阶段）所写的建筑设计系统手册（kiwari系统）的作用。分析了某禅寺单跨神龛和佛堂的基瓦里体系，比较了历史建筑中每种设计方法和过渡过程。在单跨神社中，虽然在室町时代就有多种设计方法，但在江户时代中期以后，以taruki系统为基础的设计方法才成为一般的设计方法。在禅宗寺庙的佛堂中，在室町时代就有基于taruki系统的设计方法和基于AIDA的设计方法，而在江户时代早期，这两种设计方法都变成了有序地排列Kuminono的方法。名利川市博物馆拥有大量的建筑历史记录。这些历史记录是由木匠大师IWAKIS继承的。在本报告中，IWAKIS的kiwari系统与IWAKIS建造的建筑物进行了比较，并对两者的关系进行了研究。在IWAKIS的历史记录中，除了富山地区建造的主楼图纸外，还有许多在京都和东京建造的建筑图纸，因此它们对研究日本建筑现代化的过程具有重要意义。

This report presents the role of manuals of architectural design systems (the kiwari-systems) that were written during the 16th century (the last stage of the Muromachi period) to the 19th century (the last stage of the Edo period).Kiwari-system of one-span shrines and the Buddha hall of a Zen Temple was analyzed, and each design method and the transition process were compared in the historical architecture. In the one-span shrines, though various design methods existed in the Muromachi period, the design methods based on the Taruki-systems came to be used as the general methods after the middle stage of the Edo period. In the Buddha hall of a Zen Temple, the design methods based on the Taruki-system and the design methods based on the AIDA existed at the Muromachi period, and both had changed into the method of arranging Kuminono in an orderly manner in the early stage of the Edo period.Namerikawa-City Museum owns enormous historical records on the architecture. Those historical records were inherited by the IWAKIS who were master of carpenter. In this report, the kiwari-systems of the IWAKIS was compared with the buildings built by the IWAKIS and the relation of both was examined. A lot of drawings of the building that had been constructed in Kyoto and Tokyo besides the drawing of the main building that had been constructed in the Toyama area are included in the historical records of IWAKIS, so they are important to study the process of the modernization of Japanese architecture.