Reproductive effects of isoflavon in macaques

与其他具有内分泌作用的环境物质相比，植物雌激素特别有趣。根据定义，它们是雌激素，在哺乳动物系统中可以作为弱雌激素，使它们能够在各种动物中产生一系列激素效应。在实验（1）中，在妊娠第15天至第60天给怀孕的猕猴服用大豆黄酮。在给药前至分娩前采集血样，用放射免疫法测定生殖激素水平。分娩后，将新生猴麻醉并用4%多聚甲醛灌注。取其组织进行组织学和免疫组化研究。大豆黄酮没有改变血浆LH，FSH，雌二醇和孕酮水平在怀孕的猕猴。新生儿的胎龄和体重与对照组相比没有变化。未观察到对新生儿的致畸作用。一个敏感的时期，为分化的s ...更多信息 猕猴在妊娠30天前出现了下丘脑视前区（SDN-POA）的雌雄二形核。这个核在雄性中较大，在交配活动中起作用。在关键时期暴露于大豆黄酮的女性比女性对照组的SDN-POA体积略大。在实验（2）中，我们给围绝经期老年雌性猕猴注射大豆黄酮。治疗后，血浆雌二醇水平略有升高。另一方面，血浆LH、FSH和孕酮没有变化。亚洲人群更年期症状的发生率比美国人群低得多，这表明植物雌激素如大豆黄酮可能会降低这些症状的发生率。有一些迹象表明，有益的影响可能需要高剂量比不利的影响，但在这方面的进一步研究必须完成之前，任何明确的饮食建议可以作出减

Phytoestrogens are particularly interesting to compare to other environmental substances with endocrine action. They are estrogenic by definition and can act as weak estrogens in mammalian systems, giving them the ability to produce a whole range of hormonal effects in a variety of animals.In experiment (1), daidzein was administrated to pregnant macaque monkeys on days 15 through days 60 of gestation. Blood samples were taken before daidzein treat through until delivery and measured reproductive hormones using radioimmunoassay. After delivery, the newborn monkeys were anesthetized and perfused with 4% paraformaldehyde. Then their tissues were used to histological and immunohistological studies. Daidzein did not alter plasma LH, FSH, estradiol and progesterone levels in pregnant macaques. The gestational length and body weight of newborns did not change compared with controls. The teratogenic results of newborns were not observed. A hormone-sensitive period for differentiation of the s … More exually dimorphic nucleus in the preoptic area of the hypothalamus (SDN-POA) occurs before gestation day 30 in macaques. This nucleus is larger in males and plays a role in mating activity. Females exposed to daidzein during the critical period have slightly larger SDN-POA volumes than female controls. The number of steroid receptor immunoreactive nucleus did not change compared with controls.In experiment (2), we administrated daidzein to perimenopause old female macaques. After treatment, levels of plasma estradiol were slightly increased. On the other hand, plasma LH, FSH and progesterone did not change. Asian populations have a much lower incidence of menopause symptom than American populations, suggesting that phytoestrogens such as daidzein may reduce the incidence of these symptoms.The potential reproductive impact for primates is unclear. There are some indications that beneficial effects may require high doses than adverse effects, but further studies in this area must be completed before any definite dietary recommendations can be made Less