Training and professional development of Japanese clinical psychologists

以下研究旨在探讨与日本临床心理学家的培训和专业发展相关的问题。对相关文献进行综述。由此得出的结论是，日本对这一问题的研究还很匮乏。考察北美的辅导员培训项目可能会卓有成效。访谈对象是研究生学历不到3年的临床心理学教师和临床心理学家。导师们很容易为研究生描述积极和消极的经历；然而，新近毕业的学生很难描绘出消极的经历来修复他们的同龄人。研究表明，两组学生对研究生院的培训经历有不同的看法。三项实验研究被用来检验移情反应训练计划的效果。咨询师被邀请回忆她自己的抑郁经历的体验式培训被证明是最有效的。讨论了与测量实验效果有关的问题以及与培训研究参与者有关的问题。5名临床医生被要求观看临床会议，并分析了临床医生对会议的描述，以定性地确定他们的病例概念化技能差异归因于参与者的临床经验。提出了关于数据分析和临床经验定义的问题作为进一步研究的主题。10名临床医生接受了采访，以探索职业转型的例子。讨论了与工作环境、专业领域和非正式支助小组的作用有关的问题。

The following studies were conducted to explore issues pertinent to training and professional development of Japanese clinical psychologists.1. Reviews of relevant literature were conducted. It was concluded that there is a dearth of research on this topic in Japan. Examining counselor training programs in North America may prove fruitful.2. Interviews were conducted of clinical psychology instructors and clinical psychologists with fewer than 3 years of post-graduate school experience. The instructors readily described positive as well as negative experiences for students in graduate school ; however, the recent graduates had difficulty delineating negative experiences fix their peers. It was suggested that the two groups differed on their perceptions of training experiences in graduate school.3. Three experimental studies were conducted to examine the effects of empathic response training programs. The experiential training where the counselor was invited to recall her own depressing experiences proved to be the most effective. Issues related to the measurement of experimental effects as well as those pertaining to the training of research participants were discussed.4. Five clinicians were asked to watch clinical sessions, and the clinicians' verbalizations about the sessions were analyzed to qualitatively ascertain their case conceptualization skills Differences were attributed to the participant' clinical experiences. Issues concerning data analysis and the definition of clinical experience were proposed as topics for further research.5. Ten clinicians were interviewed to explore instances of career transition. Issues related to work environment, areas of specialization, and the roles of informal support groups were discussed.