Impact of Urban Relocation Recovery to the Affected Areas after the 1999 Marmara Earthquake in Turkey and the Possibility as a Recovery Measure.

由于各国的文化、社会经济和行政条件以及当地社区结构的不同，各国的灾后恢复措施和过程也不尽相同。1999年土耳其马尔马拉地震的恢复过程分为三个步骤。在第一步，即2000-2004年期间，为办公室、商店和房屋倒塌的人规划并完成了新的城镇发展。大约43，000套住房和数百家商店和办公室被提供给受害的房主。这一步骤的特点是重新安置和收回住房。然而，商铺和写字楼的综合体一直不成功，因为没有人走到楼上的商铺，只有一楼临街的商铺可以继续经营。在第二步，即2003-2006年期间，在受灾地区的原址上开始重建商店和办公室。在 ...更多信息 为使建筑物抗震设防，加强了对建筑物高度的用地限制。在严重破坏区，6-8层的建筑高度调整为2-4层。城市空间被压缩到原来建成区空间的一半，与受影响的业主在新城中迁出的空间规模相同。因此，许多公寓无法在原址重建，因为这些公寓的共同所有人无法同意重建一半容量的公寓。这些公寓有很多空置的地方。受灾地区出租房屋短缺。第三步，即2007-2009年期间，为学生等新来的人修复了轻微受损的公寓，用于私人出租房屋。另一方面，商店作为一个容易或临时的商店在拥挤的人群中恢复。在阿达帕萨里市和德格门德尔市的中心部分，作为我们研究的案例研究区域，每年都在主要街道沿着进行建筑物改造的探索，并建立了建筑物数据库。不相等建筑线的制作过程可以理解。在建筑高度管制下，公寓不能重建，但个人或开发商公司通过购买新建筑的权利来重建新建筑。阐明了土耳其城市恢复的这种特征过程。另外，通过访谈研究，收集了10名患者的康复过程。还澄清了这些单独的回收过程是多样化的。少

The disaster recovery measures and its process are deferent from every country, because the cultural, socio-economical and administrative conditions and local community structures are deferent from each other. The recovery process of the 1999 Marmara Earthquake in Turkey is divided into three steps. In the first step, that was the period of 2000-2004, the new development of new towns for people whose offices, shops and houses were collapsed was planned and completed. Approximately 43,000 units of houses and many hundreds of shops and offices were supplied to the suffered owners of them. This step is characterized by the relocation recovery of houses. However, the complexes of shops and offices have been unsuccessful, because nobody walked up to the shops of up-stair floor.Only shops faced the street on the ground floor can be continued. In the second step, that was the period of 2003-2006, the reconstruction of shops and offices starts on the original sites in the suffered area. In the … More se areas, the land use regulations of building height are intensified for making buildings against seismic damage. The building height of 6-8 stories were regulated into the height of 2-4 stories in the severely damaged area. The urban space that were reduced into one-half of the former space of built-up areas, was as same as the scale of space which was moved out in the new town for the suffered owners. As a result, many condominiums could not be reconstructed on the original sites, because the co-owners of such condominium could not agreed to rebuilt the condominium of one half capacity. There were many vacant sites of these condominiums. There were a shortage of rented houses in the suffered areas. The slightly suffered condominiums were repaired for the private rented houses for the new comers such as a student On the other hand, shops are recovered as a easy made or temporary shops on the original sites with the crowded peoples In the third step, that is the period of 2007-2009. In the central parts of Adapasari-city and Degr-mendere-city, as a case study area we studied, the exploration of reconstruction of buildings along the main streets was implemented every year and constructed the Data-base of buildings. The process of making the unequal building line can be understood. The condominiums could not be reconstructed under the building height regulation, but the individual or the developer companies reconstructed the new buildings by the purchase of rights of them. Such characteristic process of urban recovery in Turkey is clarified. Additionally, the recovery processes of ten suffered people were collected through the interview researches. It is also clarified that these individual recovery processes are diversified. Less