Radiation, biological diversity and host-parasite interactions in wildroses, rust fungi and insects

进化生物学的主要任务之一是解释种间相互作用如何影响进化过程的动力学，并使生物多样性的辐射和起源成为可能。在玫瑰组犬，狗玫瑰，辐射过程强烈依赖于花粉粒的遗传构成。受到选择挑战的生物多样性是由异配和偏母生殖系统产生的。通过分析玫瑰类群之间的遗传距离和系统发育关系，以及它们通过遗传花粉变异创造基因和生物多样性的能力，我们确定了一个基线，用于解释随后的辐射过程的两个主机依赖的寄生虫群体，昆虫和锈菌。我们分析了每个宿主-寄生虫系统之间的相互作用和两个寄生虫群体之间的相互作用。主要问题是：寄主的辐射和多样性如何转化为寄生虫的辐射和多样性，锈菌-昆虫相互作用的作用是什么？通过分析狗玫瑰辐射过程和生物多样性在这一群体中的展开，我们将能够理解与锈菌和昆虫的相互作用（共同进化，共同物种形成，个体化相互作用）的水平。

One of the major tasks in evolutionary biology is to explain how interspecific interactions influence the dynamics of evolutionary processes and enables radiation and genesis of biological diversity. In roses sect. Caninae, the dog-roses, the radiation process strongly depends on the genetic constitution of the pollen grain. The biological diversity to be challenged by selection is generated by a heterogamous and matroclinal reproduction system. By analyzing the genetic distance and phylogenetic relationships between rose taxa and their ability to create geno- and thus biodiversity via genetic pollen-variability, we determine a base line for the explanation of the subsequent radiation processes of the two host dependent parasite groups, the insects and rust fungi. We analyze the interaction between each host-parasite system and between the two parasite groups. The major question is: how does the radiation and diversity of the hosts translate into the radiation and diversity of the parasites and what is the role of rust-insect interactions? By an analysis of the dog-roses radiation process and the unfolding of biological diversity in this group, we will be able to understand the level of interaction (co-evolution, co-speciation, individualistic interaction) with rust fungi and insects.