Functional-phylogenetic diversity in European and African freshwater systems

欧洲和非洲淡水系统的功能系统发育多样性

• 批准号: 409487552
• 负责人: Professor Dr. Roland Brandl
• 金额: --
• 依托单位: Dept. of Conservation Ecology and Entomology
• 依托单位国家: 德国
• 项目类别: Research Grants
• 财政年份: 2018
• 资助国家: 德国
• 起止时间: 2017-12-31 至 2023-12-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://gepris.dfg.de/gepris/projekt/409487552?language=en
• 关键词: Functional; phylogenetic; diversity; European; African

Human population growth and climate change severely threaten the integrity of freshwater systems globally, reducing their ability to provide ecosystem services and to support biodiversity. Freshwater systems contain the highest concentrations of biodiversity on Earth - they occupy less than 1% of the Earth's surface but harbour approximately 10% of all described species, of which at least 60% are aquatic insects. Yet almost nothing is known about the processes that led to this remarkable diversity and shaped the contemporary distributions of freshwater species. We previously found that thermal adaptations and differences in the ecology of species adapted to standing or running waters have shaped the distribution of insect species in temperate regions, but their broad-scale distribution is unknown and whether these traits are also important for the diversification of freshwater insects remains unclear. In our proposed project, we will use African and European dragonflies (Odonata) as a model system to understand the association of several potential thermal adaptations and proxies of dispersal ability with the diversification history and contemporary distribution of freshwater insects. Our framework combines a near-complete phylogeny of the dragonflies of the world with data on the distribution as well as functional and phylogenetic differences of approximately 900 African and European dragonfly species - the diversity of an entire insect order across a complete latitudinal gradient. This will allow us to address (1) whether the association of temperature with the variation in body colour (lightness) and body size of dragonfly species is of general (mechanistic) importance for their distribution, (2) the importance of adaptations in wing morphology that are associated with the stability of the species habitats for the diversification of and range size variation among Odonata lineages, and (3) whether the majority of Odonata lineages have retained their initial, tropical niche (phylogenetic niche conservatism). Our approach combines a wide spectrum of state-of-the-art methods, including computer-assisted digital image analysis, Anchored Hybrid Enrichment sequencing, structural equation models and null models of functional-phylogenetic diversity. These methods will allow unprecedented insights into the fundamental ecological and evolutionary processes that shaped the distributions of dragonflies and other freshwater organisms. With the results of this research we will be able to assess the sensitivity of dragonfly species to climate changes and their ability to disperse accordingly.

人口增长和气候变化严重威胁着全球淡水系统的完整性，降低了其提供生态系统服务和支持生物多样性的能力。淡水系统是地球上生物多样性最集中的地区，它们只占地球表面的不到1%，但却拥有约10%的已描述物种，其中至少60%是水生昆虫。然而，几乎没有人知道导致这种显着的多样性和塑造当代淡水物种分布的过程。我们以前发现，热适应性和适应于静止或流动沃茨的物种的生态差异塑造了温带地区昆虫物种的分布，但其广泛的分布是未知的，这些特征是否也是重要的淡水昆虫的多样化仍然不清楚。在我们提出的项目中，我们将使用非洲和欧洲的蜻蜓（蜻蜓）作为一个模型系统，以了解几个潜在的热适应和代理的分散能力与淡水昆虫的多样化历史和当代分布的关联。我们的框架结合了一个近乎完整的蜻蜓的世界与数据的分布以及功能和系统发育差异的大约900个非洲和欧洲的蜻蜓物种-整个昆虫的多样性在一个完整的纬度梯度。这将使我们能够解决（1）温度与体色变化的关系是否（亮度）和体尺的一般（2）翅形态的适应性对于蜻蜓目谱系多样性和分布区大小变化的重要性，翅形态的适应性与物种栖息地的稳定性有关，以及（3）大多数蜻蜓目谱系是否保留了它们最初的热带生态位（系统发育生态位保守主义）。我们的方法结合了广泛的最先进的方法，包括计算机辅助数字图像分析，锚定杂交富集测序，结构方程模型和功能系统发育多样性的空模型。这些方法将使人们对蜻蜓和其他淡水生物分布的基本生态和进化过程有前所未有的了解。有了这项研究的结果，我们将能够评估这些物种对气候变化的敏感性，以及它们相应地扩散的能力。