Theoretical and empirical research on effects of electoral system and bicameral system on prime minister of Japan.

本研究的目的是考察选举制度和两院制如何影响日本首相的领导能力。该研究表明，从单一成员区制向单一成员区制的转变与比例代表制相结合，增加了总理对派系政治家、“政策部落”和官僚的领导。与此同时，该研究表明，在整个战后时期，参议院制约了内阁和下议院的立法活动，从而削弱了首相的领导能力。

The objective of this research is to examine how electoral system and bicameral system influences leadership of Japanese prime minister. This research has demonstrated that the shift from the SNTV system to single member district system combined with proportionate representation system increased prime minister's leadership over faction politicians, "policy tribes" and bureaucrats. At the same time this research has shown that the House of Councilors has checked law making activities of cabinet and the Lower House and thus curtailed prime minister's leadership throughout postwar period.