A Study on Establishment Factors of Budo in Japanese Culture-as seen in Shinkage-ryu and Itto-ryu

我们通过对这两个流派的古老文献的研究，从逻辑上厘清了这两个流派击剑图案最初的训练形式，并确认了他们在18世纪初的哲学。本世纪下半叶，伊藤龙的一个分支采用了一种新的击剑方式，即所谓的使用竹剑和保护器的格肯。这种击剑风格立即流行起来，传统的剑术学校的存在也就黯然失色了。另一方面，在传统的剑术学派中，独立和准备死亡的精神被认为是武士的第一要义。这种精神启蒙成为日本武道文化的基本教义，认为人文教育是首要的，而不是实用的武术技术。

We have logically clarified the original training forms of fencing-patterns in Shinkage-ryu and Itto-ryu through studies on old documents of these schools, and also confirmed their philosophy in the early 18th century. In the second half of this century, a new fencing style, so-called Gekken using bamboo-swords and protectors, was adapted in a branch of Itto-ryu. This fencing style was immediately so popularized that the existence of traditional Kenjutsu schools was put in its shade. On the other hand, in the traditional Kenjutsu schools, the spirits of the independence and the readiness for death were considered as the first importance for Samurai. This spiritual enlightment became the basic doctrine of Budo culture of Japan that considers human education as primarily important rather than practical martial technics.