Transformation of Modern Family in Japan : Approach to Emotionalization from the Perspectives of Sexuality and Procreation

(1)I研究了大正时代节育运动的逻辑。为此，我分析了赞成避孕的话语，特别是男性倡导者的话语。因此，他们声称他们支持避孕的理由如下：（1）从优生学的角度对社会进行改革，（2）消除堕胎和杀婴，（3）改善晚婚和妓女问题，（4）使婚姻性行为色情化。随后，他们的逻辑基础逐渐从“公共领域”转向“亲密领域”。“此外，与女性倡导者的言论相比，她们之间存在性别差距。女性主张将避孕视为生殖健康权，但不愿将婚姻色情化。最后，本文揭示了生育控制话语中的性别差异影响了被称为现代家庭象征的“婚姻、性、爱”Trinity位一体意识形态的形成过程。(2)另外，通过对20世纪20年代主要的生育描写的分析，论证了婚姻中生育控制的现实，并阐明了婚姻中生育控制的含义和对婚姻和家庭的形象。因此，我研究了两本女性杂志上的文章：《富士新闻》和《雪富士之友》，1916年至1930年。讨论的内容如下：（1）在20世纪20年代，男性的性控制和家庭的生育控制都已成为社会问题。(2)不仅妻子，丈夫也参与了节育。丈夫在节育方面的主动性是由婚姻中的性化引起的。(3)新中产阶级中的人们一直在收集幸福婚姻生活的图像。最后，我得出结论，接受节育的意愿是促进家庭情感化的一个重要因素。

(1)I examined the logic used in the birth control movement in the Taisho Era. For this purpose, I analyzed the discourse of pro-contraception, especially that of the male advocates. As a result, they claimed their reasons for supporting contraception as follows : (1) to reform the society in terms of eugenics, (2) to eradicate abortion and infanticide, (3) to improve the late marriage and the prostitute issue, and (4) to eroticize the marital sexuality. Then, they gradually changed the logical ground from that based on the perspective of "public sphere" to the one of "intimate sphere." Additionally, in comparison with the discourse of female advocates, there was a gender gap between them. The female advocates claimed contraception as the reproductive health rights, while they were reluctant to eroticize the marriage. Finally, it was revealed that the gender gap in the discourse of birth control had affected the process of forming the trinity of "marriage, sex, and love," the ideology known as the symbol of the modern family.(2) Otherwise, I demonstrated the reality of birth control in marriages and explicated the meanings and the images given to married couples and families through an analysis of the description of birth control mainly in the 1920's. Therefore I examined articles in two female magazines ; "Fujin-koron" and Syufu-no-tomo" 1916 to 1930. The discussion is developed as follows : (1) In the 1920's both the sexual control among men and birth control in family had emerged as social issues. (2) Not only the wives, but also husbands were involved with birth control. Husband's initiative in birth control was induced by sexualization within marriage. (3) People among the new middle class had been collecting images of a blissful married life. And they had actually created intimate relationships by conversing openly about birth control.Finally I concluded that the willingness to accept birth control is an important factor to promote emotionalization of families.