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Comparative Study on Gender and Families in Asian Societies

亚洲社会性别与家庭比较研究

基本信息

批准号：
13372001
负责人：
MIYASAKA Yasuko
金额：
$ 20.8万
依托单位：
Nara Women's University
依托单位国家：
日本
项目类别：
Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (A)
财政年份：
2001
资助国家：
日本
起止时间：
2001 至 2003
项目状态：
已结题

项目摘要

This research examines three types of societies categorized by the patterns of women's labor force participation rate. "An inverted U-shaped Curve" society ; China and Thailand, "a Giraffe Curve" society ; Singapore and Taiwan, and "an M-shaped Curve" society ; Japan and Korea. This means that people, except the area of Japan and Korea, take the style of two-income family after childbirth and child rearing.In China, Thailand, and Singapore, relatives (parents, specially) help child rearing, and people hire servants in need. This has maintained the style of two-income family among those countries. Besides this point, each country has its own specific characteristics. In China (the South) today, women in maternity and in child rearing sustain their jobs by gaining the help by relatives (specially. by grandparents) and fathers' participation in child rearing. In recent Thailand (Urban Middle Class), the way of child rearing is changing. Depending on the marketization of housework, it shif … More ts from the care by parents (by wives, in general) and resident maids to the care by the staffs in a private day-care center. Urban Middle Class in Thailand starts having a full-time housewife. In 1998 and 1999, it had the first M-shaped Curve in the women's labor force participation rate. In Singapore, generally, relatives take care of a child, and parents hire foster parents for child rearing until a child enter a kindergarten. As the sign of marketization of child rearing, it is the most significant characteristic of Singapore that a resident maid take care housework instead of parents (parents do not do any housework).In conclusion, even in Japan and Korea, an M-shaped Curve society, the women's work force participation rate is now raising. In both countries, parents on wife's side support child rearing and use kindergartens for it, and a father participates in child rearing. However, Korea doesn't have an issue of isolation of mothers in child rearing. It is because people have closer relationship between relatives and various networks (neighborhoods and friends) more than Japan. Therefore, anxiety in child rearing remains one of the specific characteristics seen in Japan, which is unique in Asia. Less

这项研究考察了按妇女劳动力参与率模式分类的三种类型的社会。 “倒U型曲线”社会；中国和泰国“长颈鹿曲线”社会；新加坡、台湾和“M型曲线”社会；日本和韩国。这意味着，除日本和韩国地区外，人们在生育和抚养孩子后都采取双收入家庭的方式。在中国、泰国和新加坡，亲戚（特别是父母）帮助抚养孩子，人们在需要时雇用仆人。这使得这些国家保持了两收入家庭的模式。除此之外，每个国家都有自己的特点。在今天的中国（南方），生育和育儿的女性通过亲戚（特别是祖父母）的帮助和父亲参与育儿来维持她们的工作。近年来的泰国（城市中产阶级），养育孩子的方式正在发生变化。根据家务劳动的市场化程度，它从父母（一般是妻子）和住家女佣的照顾转向私人日托中心工作人员的照顾。泰国城市中产阶级开始拥有全职家庭主妇。 1998年和1999年，女性劳动力参与率首次出现M形曲线。在新加坡，一般情况下，孩子由亲戚照顾，父母聘请养父母抚养孩子，直到孩子进入幼儿园。作为育儿市场化的标志，由驻地女佣代替父母承担家务（父母不做任何家务）是新加坡最显着的特点。综上所述，即使在日韩这样的M型曲线社会，女性的劳动力参与率也在不断提高。在这两个国家，妻子一方的父母支持抚养孩子并使用幼儿园，父亲也参与抚养孩子。然而，韩国不存在母亲抚养孩子的孤立问题。这是因为人们的亲戚和各种网络（邻居和朋友）之间的关系比日本更密切。因此，育儿焦虑仍然是日本的特色之一，这在亚洲是独一无二的。较少的